Page 98 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2021

2021 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

6. STANDARDIZATION

In terms of international standards, International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Organization
for Standardization (ISO), Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and other globally influential
organizations have established working groups or committees
on blockchain standards.

6.1 ITU-T

According to information published on the ITU website, as
of December 2020, ITU-T has released 14 standards related
to blockchain/distributed ledger technology (Table 3), 2 of
which were approved at the end of 2019, and all 14 of which
Figure 9 – The number of packets when time is within 40 were released in 2020. Among the published standards, four
and the number of multi-hop nodes is 50 are security-related, three are data management-related and
three are IoT-related, which shows the attention of ITU to
by specifying the value of k, which causes the number of
security issues and IoT and data issues.
multi-hop nodes and the selected location to change. We
set the total number of transaction requests to 30. As the
ratio of the number of multi-hop nodes to the total number of 6.2 ISO
nodes becomes smaller, we can expect the overall number of
packets in the network to decrease, but this may also lead to a ISO is an international non-governmental organization in the
decrease in the success rate of new block updates. The details field of standardization, consisting of national standardization
are shown in Figure 8. In order to show the packet traffic of bodies from more than 100 countries around the world. On
"CommanRequest" more clearly, we shows the number of September 12, 2016, ISO established the "Blockchain and
packets when the number of multi-hop is 50 and the time is Distributed Ledger Technologies Committee" (ISO/TC 307)
within 40, as shown in Figure 9. From this figure, it is mainly to promote the development of international standards in the
NewSegment packets rather than CommandRequest packets field of blockchain and distributed ledger technology. Table
that affect the system packet traffic. 4 shows the ISO blockchain standards development.

In Table 2, we can see the average number of
6.3 IEEE
CommandRequests, the average number of NewSegments,
the average success rate of transactions and the number
of transactions with non-100% update blocks based on the According to the information published on the IEEE standards
number of transactions. From the table we can determine website (https://standards.ieee.org/), in March 2020, the first
that when the value of k changes and is ordered from smallest IEEE blockchain standard "IEEE Standard for Data Format
to largest: The average number of CommandRequests is at for Blockchain Systems" was successfully approved by the
the same level, and the number of NewSegment is from committee, which specifies the data format requirements for
smallest to largest, which means that changing the k value blockchain systems and gives specifications in terms of data
does not change the number of transaction requests, but structure and data types. As of December 2020, IEEE has
affects the overall packets of new blocks for the transaction. published five blockchain-related standards (Table 5), three
of which are related to cryptocurrencies, as well as one data
Therefore, we can reduce the value of K to reduce the overall
format standard and one data management standard.
communication traffic. However, at the same time, the
average update success rate of new blocks is not 100%, which In summary, 2020 is a fruitful year for
leads to a reduction in the overall security and integrity of the blockchain international standard development. 23
network, so we cannot blindly reduce the k-value to reduce blockchain/distributed ledger technology-related standards
the traffic volume. have been released by ITU, ISO and IEEE, 22 of which
are officially released in 2020. In terms of the areas they
As we can see in Figure 8, we can compare the number of belong to, the international focus is currently in two parts:
NewSegment when the ratio of the overall number of nodes to technology and data foundation, security and privacy.
the number of multi-hop nodes is 50:50, 50:40, 50:30, 50:20. In addition, there has been progress in blockchain IoT
When combining this with Table 2 we can see that as the and cryptocurrency, but there is still little involvement in
number of multi-hop nodes decreases, the number of packets technical details and specific applications such as smart
decreases significantly. However, due to the limitation of the contracts, cross-chain, and partitioning, and the whole area
success rate of new block updates, a ratio of about 50:30 is a is at the stage of basic construction of blockchain standard
balanced result. system, and there is still much room for development.

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