Page 85 - ITUJournal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 1

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 1

Table 1 – Main spectrum users
Users Radio systems used Applications End use output Intersectoral use
output
Defence Mobile and satellite Operational control, Safeguarding national Development of radio-
communication systems, management security, border control, electronic industries
microwave links, antiterrorist operation and science
radiolocation, radars,
navigation
Security and law- Mobile and satellite Operational control of Maintenance of internal Radio-electronic
enforcement communication systems, subordinate units security and law industries and science
agencies microwave links, radars enforcement, government
communications
Communications Mobile and satellite Provision of access to Public communication and Radio-electronic
and informatization communication systems, data transmission informatization services, industries and trade,
microwave links, sensor systems and public maintenance of economic satellite industry,
systems communication security social development,
networks disaster relief
Broadcasting Satellite and radio-relay Broadcasting of TV Freedom of thought, Commerce,
communication systems, and radio programmes expressions and public advertising, security,
broadcasting networks information disaster relief
Earth exploration Remote Earth sensing Collection of data on Cartography, Construction, natural
and monitoring satellites the state of the Earth's geoinformation, data on the resources
natural characteristics state of the climate and management, disaster
natural resources relief
Radionavigation Satellite and land-based Transmission of time Precise determination of the All branches of
navigation systems signals and frequency location, shift and speed of industry
standard emissions objects
Meteorology Remote earth sensing and Collection, Weather forecasting, Defence, emergency
data collection satellites, transmission and prediction of natural agencies, transport,
radars, meteorology distribution of disasters, monitoring of agriculture and
probes and sensors meteorological data climate change and SDGs forestry, green energy
indicators
Transport Mobile and satellite Remote monitoring Improving safety of World trade, hotel and
communication and and control of passenger and cargo tourism sector, postal
navigation systems, transport, broadband transport, optimization of services
sensors, radars access traffic, unmanned transport
Radio astronomy Ground and space radio Collection of data on Development of All branches of
astronomy stations the Universe fundamental science industry
Space research International Space Studies on the near- Development of All branches of
Station, piloted and robotic Earth space fundamental science, search industry
space missions environment and for natural resources,
space objects protection from potential
hazards from space
Production industry Office and corporate Improving production Optimizing use of resources All branches of
networks, control, efficiency and safety industry
automation system

include disaster prediction, detection, alerting, and transition from current intuitive manual forms of
relief. In certain cases, when the wired management to an algorithm-based one that relies
infrastructure is significantly or completely on the development and use of coherent models for
destroyed by a disaster, only radio systems can be political, economic, technological and behavioural
employed for disaster relief operation in a timely analysis, as well as decision-making and artificial
manner. intelligence. It will depend critically on a powerful
complex of different types of radio systems to
With technology evolution, spectrum appears to
play an even more critical role and is becoming an gather, deliver and disseminate a variety of data,
essential element of the numerous governmental e- boosting spectrum demand. Information collected
programs, such as e-medicine, e-government, e- by different sensors and receivers on-board
education etc. A future digital economy implies a satellites, aircraft, and ships, fitted to buoys,

© International Telecommunication Union, 2021 69