Page 70 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 6 – Wireless communication systems in beyond 5G era
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ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 6





                                                    InP                  InP 1          InP 2   ...     InP i




                      InP                           ...                                         ...
                                           MVNO 1         MVNO h        MVNO 1         MVNO 2          MVNO h




                      ...                                                                       ...
             MVNO 1          MVNO h                                      SP 1            SP 2            SP k
                                            SP 1    ...    SP k

           URLLC USERS      URLLC USERS   URLLC USERS    URLLC USERS   URLLC USERS    URLLC USERS     URLLC USERS
            eMBB USERS      eMBB USERS    eMBB USERS     eMBB USERS    eMBB USERS      eMBB USERS     eMBB USERS
           mMTC USERS       mMTC USERS    mMTC USERS     mMTC USERS    mMTC USERS     mMTC USERS      mMTC USERS
             (a) Traditional Multi‑Tenancy  (b) Single‑Domain Multi‑Tenant NS  (c) Multi‑Domain Multi‑Tenant NS

                                         Fig. 1 – Illustration of the domain type of network slicing.




           lexibility of the network architecture. In an M‑TTSD net‑  packet loss probability, delay bound, slice users
          work, an SP satis ies the demands of slice users by bidding  distribution, cell load, tier load, and bidding budgets
          for virtual resources from multiple MVNOs. Similarly, an  of network entities such as MVNO and SP) and slice
          MVNO bids for mobile network resources from multiple     users’ parameters (such as slice users’ location, slice
          InPs to meet the demands of SPs associated with it. The  use case QoS requirement, associated interference).
          M‑TTSD network explores the bene its and possibilities of
          tenants connecting to several network domains for cover‑  2. Other than the traditional two‑player network ap‑
          age extension, scalability, and network resource optimi‑  proach, we consider a multi‑tenant multi‑domain
          sation.                                                  network with entities comprising InPs, MVNOs, and
          Ef icient resource management is pivotal to the opti‑    SPs, respectively. To this end, a three‑stage multi‑
          mal operation of the M‑TTSD network [5, 6].  More‑       domain auction game based on the Fisher Market
          over, static slicing and centralised resource management  (FM) principle and shared‑constrained proportion‑
          frameworks would not be practicable in M‑TTSD net‑       ality is exploited to facilitate an agile and dynamic
          works. To fully exploit the  lexibility and dynamic char‑  business model for 5G NS and beyond networks; and
          acterisation of the slice traf ic, it is important to note  also to maximise the utility of the respective players.
          that not adequately addressing the resource allocation   The InPs, MVNOs, and SPs trade network resources
          challenge in an M‑TTSD network will adversely affect the  to meet the demands of slice users in a manner that
          Quality‑of‑Service (QoS) of slice users and the IC of net‑  ICs and Individual Rationality (IR) are not compro‑
                                                                   mised.
          work players, thereby jeopardising the sustainability of
          5G slice networks and future networks.                 3. We formulate the slice users’ service selection prob‑
          The main contributions of this work can be summarised    lem in an M‑TTSD network as a maximisation prob‑
          as follows.                                              lem. To reduce the complexity involved in solving
                                                                   the formulated problem, a hierarchical decomposi‑
          1.1 Contributions                                        tion technique is employed. We develop a multistage
                                                                   matching‑theory inspired scheme to optimally asso‑
          The main contributions of this work can be summarised    ciate slice users to SPs, MVNOs, and InPs, respec‑
          as follows.                                              tively, in an M‑TTSD network. The multistage match‑
                                                                   ing algorithm considers the Signal‑to‑Interference‑
           1. We consider a latency‑aware dynamic resource         plus‑Noise Ratio (SINR) of the slice users, slice QoS
             allocation framework for an M‑TTSD network with       requirements in the course of matching slice users
             enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive             to the respective network tiers and InP.
             Machine‑Type Communications (mMTC), and Ultra‑
             Reliable Low‑Latency Communications (URLLC)         4. We develop a distributed backtracking algorithm
             slice users, respectively. The framework allocates    that aids buyers and sellers in the respective stages
             resources to slice users by engaging network pa‑      to trade network resources in an incomplete infor‑
             rameters (such as packet size, packet arrival rate,   mation scenario. The backtracking algorithm takes





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