Page 130 - ITU Journal, ICT Discoveries, Volume 3, No. 1, June 2020 Special issue: The future of video and immersive media

ITU Journal: ICT Discoveries, Vol. 3(1), June 2020

A modified version of the loudness algorithm including [8] Ville Pekka Sivonen and Wolfgang Ellermeier (2008).
these new weights was tested fairly on the collected data Binaural Loudness for Artificial-Head Measure-
and against its benchmark on immersive audio content ren- ments in Directional Sound Fields. JAES Vol-
dered to different spatial reproduction layouts. This mod- ume 56 Issue 6 pp. 452-461. http://www.aes.org/e-
ified algorithm performed better than ITU-R BS.1770-4 lib/browse.cfm?elib=14394
based on correlations with subjective data and Epsilon in-
∗
sensitive RMSE (RMSE ) measurements. Also, a relation- [9] Radiocommunication Sector of ITU (2018).
Recommendation ITU-R BS.2051-2. Advanced
ship between better performance scores and reproduction
sound system for programme production.
systems with more loudspeakers positioned out of the hor-
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-
izontal plane was observed.
BS.1770-4-201510-I!!PDF-E.pdf
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [10] Radiocommunication Sector of ITU (2015).
Recommendation ITU-R BS.1116-3. Advanced
This research was partially supported by Agência Nacional
sound system for programme production.
de Telecomunicações (Brazil). The authors would like to
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-
thank the subjects for their time in participating in the loud-
BS.1116-3-201502-I!!PDF-E.pdf
ness matching test.
[11] Russell Mason (2016). Installation of a Flexible 3D
REFERENCES Audio Reproduction System into a Standardized Lis-
tening Room. Audio Engineering Society Convention
[1] Radiocommunication Sector of ITU (2019). Rec-
140. http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=18160
ommendation ITU-R BS.2127-0. Audio Defini-
tion Model renderer for advanced sound systems.
[12] Brian C. J. Moore (2012). An introduction to the psy-
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-
chology of hearing (sixth edition). Bingley: Emerald
BS.2127-0-201906-I!!PDF-E.pdf
Group Publishing.
[2] Radiocommunication Sector of ITU (2015). Recom-
[13] Phillip Jackson, Martin Dewhirst, Robert Conetta,
mendation ITU-R BS.1770-4. Algorithms to measure
Slawomir Zielinski, Francis Rumsey, David Meares,
audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level.
Søren Bech and Sunish George (2008). QESTRAL
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-
(Part 3): System and metrics for spatial quality pre-
BS.1770-4-201510-I!!PDF-E.pdf
diction. Audio Engineering Society Convention 125.
http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=14748
[3] Scott G. Norcross, Sachin Nanda, and Zack Cohen
(2016). ITU-R BS.1770 based Loudness for Immersive
[14] Brian C. J. Moore, Brian R. Glasberg, Ajanth
Audio. Audio Engineering Society Convention 140.
Varathanathan and Josef Schlittenlacher (2016). A
http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=18199
Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporat-
ing Binaural Inhibition. Trends in Hearing, v. 20, p.
[4] Tomoyasu Komori, Satoshi Oode, Kazuho Ono, Ken-
1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2331216516682698
suke Irie, Yo Sasaki, Tomomi Hasegawa and Ikuko
Sawaya (2015). Subjective loudness of 22.2 multichan-
[15] Jon Francombe, Tim Brookes, Russell Mason
nel programs. Audio Engineering Society Convention
and Frank Melchior (2015). Loudness Matching
138. http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=17643
Multichannel Audio Program Material with Lis-
teners and Predictive Models. Audio Engineer-
[5] D. W. Robinson and L. S. Whittle (1960). The
ing Society Convention 139. http://www.aes.org/e-
loudness of directional sound fields. Acta Acus-
lib/browse.cfm?elib=18020
tica united with Acustica, v. 10, n. 2, p. 74-80.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/dav/aaua/1960/
[16] Jon Francombe, Tim Brookes, Russell Mason, Ru-
00000010/00000002/art00004
pert Flindt, Philip Coleman, Qingju Liu, and Phillip
[6] Ville Pekka Sivonen and Wolfgang Ellermeier (2006). Jackson (2015). Production and Reproduction of Pro-
gram Material for a Variety of Spatial Audio For-
Directional loudness in an anechoic sound field, head-
mats. Audio Engineering Society Convention 138.
related transfer functions, and binaural summation.
http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=17634
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119,
2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2184268
[17] Standardization Sector of ITU (2013). Recommen-
dation ITU-T P.1401. Methods, metrics and pro-
[7] Ville Pekka Sivonen and Wolfgang Ellermeier
cedures for statistical evaluation, qualification and
(2006). Effect of Direction on Loudness for Wide-
comparison of objective quality prediction models.
band and Reverberant Sounds. Audio Engineering
https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-P.1401-201207-I/en
Society Convention 120. http://www.aes.org/e-
lib/browse.cfm?elib=13625
108 © International Telecommunication Union, 2020