Page 39 - Proceedings of the 2017 ITU Kaleidoscope

Challenges for a data-driven society

by individuals in the country. Data from the Global regions are North America, South Asia, East Asia and
Innovation Index (GII 2017), was used as a measurement of Pacific, Middle East & North Africa, Latin America &
innovation [25]. The ICT Development Index (IDI) 2016 by Caribbean, Europe & Central Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa.
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [12] The income-level categories are high-income, upper middle-
measures the ICT development of the countries based on income, lower middle-income, and low-income. The WB
eleven indicators contained in the categories ICT access, use gives the following definitions of the levels for the current
and skills. fiscal year, high-income economies are those with a GNI per
capita of $12,476 or more; upper middle-income economies
are those with a GNI per capita between $4,036 and $12,475;
Table 1. Open Data Barometer – indicators and weights. lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per
Sub-index data (%) scale wgt. capita between $1,026 and $4,035; low-income are those
Readiness 35 0-100 with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2015 [30].
Government policies 1/4
Open data policies/strategies p 3.1.1. Regions and GNI based analysis
Open data management p
Importance of ICT to government s
vision An overview of the ODB rank 4th edition is shown in Figure
Government actions 1/4 2. From this heat map, one observes that the open data rank
Open government initiative p follows expected results regarding regions and income levels
City/region freedom running open p
data initiatives of countries. The countries at the top of the ODB rank are the
Government on-line service index s United Kingdom (UK), Canada, France, the United States of
Entrepreneurs & business 1/4 America (USA), Australia, Japan. The top ten countries
Availability of training on open data p according to the ODB rank 4th edition are shown in Table 2.
Support for innovation through open p
data
Firms level of technology absorption s Table 2. Top ten countries according with the ODB 4th
Internet users s edition rank and scores.
Citizens & civil Society 1/4
Right-to-information law p Country Rank Score Readiness Implem. Impact
Legal/regulatory framework for p
protection of personal data UK 1 100 99 100 94
Engagement of civil society and IT p Canada 2 90 96 87 82
professionals with government France 3 85 100 71 88
regarding open data USA 4 82 96 71 80
Political freedoms and civil liberties s Korea 5 81 95 59 100
index Australia 5 81 85 78 78
Implementation 35 0-100 New Zealand 7 79 92 58 99
Innovation p 1/3 Japan 8 75 84 60 89
Social policy p 1/3 Netherlands 8 75 94 64 68
Accountability p 1/3 Norway 10 74 77 71 73
Impact 30 0-100
Political 1/3 The average OBD rank per region reflects the current global
Government efficiency and p economic trends, in which East and South Asia are the most
effectiveness
Transparency p dynamic regions of the world, and the low-income countries
Social 1/3 still being left behind [30]. Figure 3 that there is a wide
Environmental sustainability p difference in performance of countries within the same
Inclusion of marginalized groups on p region. An analysis of the countries´ income level helps to
policy making and access to understand the difference between an in each region.
government services
Economic 1/3 In the East Asia-Pacific region, Australia, New Zealand and
Country´s economy (positive) p Japan are scoring significantly higher than the other
Entrepreneurs successful use of open p countries of the region, which are in the lower-middle-
data to build new business in the income category as expected. However, the Philippines is a
country
Note: Primary data (p), secondary data (s). More details on the ODB research lower-middle income country and ranks (22), one place
methodology under http://opendatabarometer.org/4thedition/methodology/ higher than Singapore (23), a high-income country. Also, the
Philippines and Indonesia (38) scored better than upper
3. OPEN DATA GLOBAL STATUS AND TRENDS middle-income countries like China (71) and Malaysia (53).
In the Middle East and North Africa region, high-income
3.1. Global status of open data countries like the United Arabs Emirates (59) and Bahrain
(74) did not score much better than those lower-middle
income countries like Egypt (85) and Morocco (79) and were
For the analysis on the global status of open data, the 115 worse than Tunisia (50).
countries included in the 4th edition of the ODB were In the Latin America and Caribbean region, Mexico stands
considered. The analysis is based on the geographical out, ranked (11).
regions and on the income categories based on the Gross
National income (GNI) given by the World Bank. The

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