Page 376 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

architecture approach to smart city comes from [11] and can be utilized in the following analysis
(Figure 11):

1) Smart City Networking Infrastructure and Communications Protocol: this module addresses
the necessary infrastructure to deploy smart services and enhance living inside the city.
Cities from scratch are based on innovations (both ICT‐based and non ICT‐based), which are
embedded on city's hard infrastructure. For instance, a waste disposal, recycling and tele‐
heating factory can be installed and interconnected with buildings inside the city (Clever
rubbish) [14]. Moreover, fiber‐optic networks connect all local buildings with a central
operating center, while smart buildings are accessible by their inhabitants via specific
applications. In existing cities on the other hand, corresponding SSC cases integrate
innovation with existing hard infrastructure with the IoT and basically with sensors that
exchange data with specific applications. In such case, a corresponding modular analysis is
depicted on. Moreover, protocol defines the codification for information interchange in
SSC.

2) Applications: this module concerns all the smart applications, which are available inside the
SSC. A well method for analyzing this module could be the classification of applications in
the four SSC dimensions (Fig.1), including a separate group of mobility (i.e., intelligent
transportation applications). It is analyzed in the following components:

a. Mobility: it concerns the applications that deal with transportation services (i.e.,
intelligent transportation, parking location and payments, traffic management, etc.).
b. Government: it represents applications regarding e‐government services (i.e.,
information and document retrieval, certificate applications, government procedures,
deliberation and consultation, etc.).

c. Economy: it contains applications in the business domain (i.e., e‐business, business
information systems, etc.).
d. Environment: this component utilizes applications for smart water and energy
management, waste and emissions control, etc.

e. Living: application of this component address education, tourism, safety, health and
care services.
3) Business: it addresses all business groups, which are available inside the SSC and utilize the
above mentioned applications. Some particular business domains concern the industrial
sector, finance, creative companies, rural production (i.e., agriculture, fisheries, etc.) and
the service sector. This particular module addresses the following information management
issues [11]:

a. User information for consumer behavior's detection.

b. Business intelligence for statistical and feasibility studies.
c. Industry information for market demand monitoring.

d. Business information for commercial and financial analysis.
e. Revenue Information for market cash flow and daily business activities' realization.

f. Circulation Information for emerged business cases' estimation.

366 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications