Page 280 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

It also provides a blueprint for data abstraction and the quality "quadruple" trust that includes
protection, security, privacy, and safety. Furthermore, this standard provides a reference
architecture that builds upon the reference model. The reference architecture covers the definition
of basic architectural building blocks and their ability to be integrated into multi‐tiered systems. The
reference architecture also addresses how to document and, if strived for, mitigate architecture
divergence. This standard leverages existing applicable standards and identifies planned or ongoing
projects with a similar or overlapping scope.

This standard will help to reduce current fragmentation in the various IoT verticals. By addressing
the need for an IoT architectural framework, IEEE will fulfill its mission to benefit humanity by
increasing the interoperability and portability of IoT solutions to both the industry and the end
consumer.

IP for things

If, in a future Internet of Things, everyday objects are to be addressed and controlled via the Internet,
then one should ideally not be resorting to special communications protocols as is currently the case
with RFID. Instead, things should behave just like normal Internet nodes. In other words, they should
have an IP address and use the Internet Protocol (IP) for communicating with other smart objects
and network nodes.

The benefits of having IP‐enabled things are obvious, even if the objects in question are not going
to be made globally accessible but instead used in a controlled intranet environment. This approach
enables us to build directly on existing functionality such as global interoperability, network‐wide
data packet delivery (forwarding and routing), data transport across different physical media,
naming services (URL, DNS) and network management. The use of IP enables smart objects to use
existing Internet services and applications and, conversely, these smart objects can be addressed
from anywhere since they are proper Internet participants. Last but not least, it will be easy to use
important application layer protocols such as HTTP.

2.4 Energy efficiency of ICT infrastructure

ICT infrastructure need built considering the environmental impact of the ICT itself in a way that the
environmental benefit of using ICT in other sectors will be not lower that the impact generates by
the ICT infrastructure.

Technological solutions like power the infrastructure equipment using sustainable sources need to
be considered when possible.

For example, a solution as reported in the figure can be implemented considering the impact on
fossil generated energy reduction and also the impact on operation cost.

270 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications