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Figure 42 – IoT‐A architectural reference model building blocks
The figure shows an overview of the process used for defining the different parts that constitute the
IoT Architectural Reference Model (ARM). Notice that definitions of terms such as reference
architecture, etc. The IoT‐A ARM consists of four parts:

(i) Vision: The vision summarizes the rationale for providing an architectural reference model for
the IoT. At the same time it discusses underlying assumptions, such as motivations.

(ii) Business scenarios & stakeholders: These are the drivers of the architecture work. With the
knowledge of businesses aspirations, a holistic view of IoT architectures can be derived.
Furthermore, a concrete instance of the reference architecture can be validated against selected
business scenarios. A stakeholder analysis contributes to understanding which aspects of the
architectural reference model need to be described for the different stakeholders and their
concerns.

(iii) IoT Reference Model: The IoT Reference Model provides the highest abstraction level for the
definition of the IoT‐A Architectural Reference Model. It promotes a common understanding of the
IoT domain. The description of the IoT Reference Model includes a general discourse on: (a) the IoT
domain, (b) an IoT Domain Model as a top‐level description, (c) an IoT Information Model explaining
how IoT knowledge is going to be modeled, and (d) an IoT Communication Model in order to
understand specifics about communication between many heterogeneous IoT devices and the
Internet as a whole.
(iv) IoT Reference Architecture: The IoT Reference Architecture is the reference for building
compliant IoT architectures. As such, it provides views and perspectives on different architectural
aspects that are of concern to stakeholders of the IoT.

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 267