Page 258 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

For example, when one analyses the potential effects of environmental damage such as particular
matter air pollution (PM2.5), it is a crucial to find correlated datasets from a wide variety of sensor
data individually disseminated from heterogeneous sensing sources through the Internet and
sensor networks. Related to the PM2.5 sensor data, the highly correlated environmental sensor data
(wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, humidity) and social sensor data (SNS data with
the keyword about a climate and the health) can be found with the spatio‐temporal correlation
(nearoverlapping in time and location, same movement and so on) and ontological correlation
(atmospheric pollution, weather, respiratory disease, and so on). These data set and their
correlations are forwarded for further analysis to create and verify the correlative hypothesis with
up‐to‐date and/or unknown PM2.5 effects.
Other possible effect(s) of the technology (to be applicable to climate change adaptation and
mitigation):

To sort and analyze the information of some event in depth, it is generally important to collect the
information not only in the particular field concerned but also in the various derived and affected
fields.

For example, in order to sort and analyze the issue on "global warming", without the technology, it
is necessary to search various information one by one to recognize the relationship among various
fields, but using this technology it is easy to obtain horizontal search results including various
industry, economy, energy problem, hygiene and education as well as natural disaster using climate
change as search key. The technology can support the data‐intensive science and give a very good
sketch of various events of the real world based on many heterogeneous and multi‐domain
information.

2.2.3 Cloud computing and data platform
Cloud computing is another technology that is being used to build SSC, in line with the policies of
green technologies to be adopted. In all cases the public administration shall ensure protection the
privacy of people. Cloud computing is also one of the main forms of Green IT that refers to the
efficient use of computing resources thus minimizing the environmental impacts and contribute to
the reduction in energy consumption or greenhouse gas emissions.
The need of "the cloud approach, in which providers outside city government deliver a technological
platform for gathering and mining data and producing city applications over the public Internet or
a virtual private network, has become the favored means for municipalities to move to the next
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level" , and that is because it's cost effective and time and effortless solution, because most cities
infrastructure aren't equipped to work with any levels of infrastructure in a smart sustainable city,
on the other hand, cloud service suppliers are capable to sort, in a good manner, many of the risks
involved.

The convergence of cloud technologies should be well utilized. These include SaaS (Software as a
Service), STaaS (Storage as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) and more, to increase
availability, reliability, increase security and deliver optimum quality of service applications for the
large number of heterogeneous devices and platforms.

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An example of IaaS Cloud Computing architecture is as follows :
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12 Why Smart Cities Need Cloud Services
(http://www.ubmfuturecities.com/author.asp?section_id=234&doc_id=526607)

13 Examples extracted from recent progress of ITU‐T SG13.

248 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications