Page 253 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

There are various types of broadband wireless access technologies that are classified based on the
coverage area and user mobility as follows:
1. Personal Area Network (PAN) is a wireless data network used for communication among
data devices/peripherals around a user. The wireless PAN coverage area is typically limited
to a few meters with no mobility. Examples of PAN technologies include Bluetooth or IEEE
802.15.1 and Ultra‐Wideband (UWB) technology.
2. Local Area Network (LAN) is a wireless or wireline data network used for communication
among data/voice devices covering small areas such as home or office environments with
no or limited mobility. Examples include Ethernet (fixed wired LAN) and Wi‐Fi or IEEE 802.11
(wireless LAN for fixed and nomadic users).
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a data network that connects a number of LANs or a
group of stationary/mobile users distributed in a relatively large geographical area. Wireless
infrastructure or optical fiber connections are typically used to link the dispersed LANs.
Examples include the IEEE 802.16‐2004 (fixed WiMAX) and Ethernet‐based MAN.
4. Wide Area Network (WAN) is a data network that connects geographically dispersed users
via a set of inter‐connected switching nodes, hosts, LANs, etc., and covers a wide
geographical area.
Examples of WAN include the Internet and national cellular networks.

The user demand for broadband wireless services and applications are continually growing. Also the
connection of the elements for SSC will increase this demand. Offering customized and ubiquitous
services based on diverse individual and SSC needs through versatile communication systems will
require certain considerations in the technology design and deployment.

The 4th Generation of Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Technologies

International Mobile Telecommunications‐Advanced (IMT‐Advanced) or alternatively 4th
Generation (4G) cellular systems are mobile systems that extend and improve upon the capabilities
of the IMT‐2000 family of standards. Such systems are expected to provide users with access to a
variety of advanced IP‐based services and applications, supported by mobile and fixed broadband
networks, which are predominantly packet‐based. The IMT‐Advanced systems can support a wide
range of data rates, with different quality of service requirements, proportional to user mobility
conditions in multi‐user environments.
8
Millimeter Wave Communication
High capacity wireless communication technology using impulse radio operating in the millimeter
wave E‐band:

Expanding use of applications of sensor networks and/or Internet of things (IoT) for SSC requires a
huge amount of data to be transferred on the telecommunication networks of the cities.
Moreover, due to the popularity of smartphones and tablets in recent years, along with the growing
volumes of content handled by such devices, there has been a sharp increase in traffic passing
through mobile networks and other communications channels.

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8 Corresponds to a contribution of FUJITSU (Japan) by document FG‐SSC‐0061

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 243