This Recommendation identifies and describes the relevant standards of multimedia application frameworks for interoperability and harmonization in IPTV services. It gives an overview of standards for declarative application frameworks as well as standards for procedural application frameworks. For declarative application frameworks, such standards as HTML, CSS, DOM, ECMAScript, SVG, BML, MHEG-5 and Ginga-NCL, to be used for IPTV, are described, while procedural application frameworks are represented by GEM based frameworks. It also contains descriptions of MPEG standards for application frameworks, namely M3M, Biffs, and LaSeR. It has an Annex on Common Usage of web-related technologies.