Recommendation ITU-T G.781 defines the atomic functions that are part of the two synchronization layers, the synchronization distribution (SD) layer and the network synchronization (NS) layer. It also defines some atomic functions, part of the transport layer, which are related to synchronization. These functions describe the synchronization of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), Ethernet, and optical transport network (OTN) network elements (NEs) and how these NEs are involved in network synchronization. The specifications in this Recommendation are the superset of functionality of three regional standards bodies. Care should be taken when selecting from this Recommendation. Not every atomic function defined in this Recommendation is required for every application. Different subsets of atomic functions may be assembled in different ways according to the combination rules given in Recommendations ITU-T G.783, ITU-T G.705, ITU-T G.8021, ITU-T G.8121, and ITU‑T G.798 to provide a variety of different capabilities. Network operators and equipment suppliers may choose which functions must be implemented for each application. This revision of ITU-T G.781 provides the following updates: – Create new sub-clauses 6.5.1.1 and 6.5.1.2 to specify QL TLV and eQL TLV, which is moved from clause 11.3.1.2 and 11.3.1.3 of G.8264; – Create a sub-clause 6.5.4 to specify SSM for clocks with enhanced holdover, which is moved from clause 11.6 of G.8264; – Create Annex C to specify hybrid equipment selection function, which is moved from Annex A.7 of G.8264; – Update definition of some SyncPhy dataset members of Annex B; – Add QL-PRC quality level for the option III network.