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Innovation and Digital Transformation for a Sustainable World

           proved most IT companies can function successfully from   auxiliary code to their apps to improve their Corporate Social
           home  and  boost  economic  growth.  India,  a  startup   Responsibility (CSR) efforts. This will greatly increase the
           powerhouse, has a strong IT sector built on ICT, industry,   amount and variety of data samples for our model.
           and  infrastructure.  Equitable  digital  connectivity  will   7) NTV applications can be installed in vehicles, especially
           provide Delhi and Dimapur employees an equal chance [31].   public service vehicles that run on long routes from one state
                                                              to another, like buses, allowing them to act as participants in
           7.2. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPOSED MODEL             carrying out mobile crowd-sensing tasks [36].
           1)  The  machine  learning  model  of  this  study  lacks   8) It is crucial to implement security measures and regularly
           information  on  the  BTS  to  which  the  mobile  user  was   monitor the data collected to ensure the authenticity of the
           connected, also highlighted in the study by Alimpertis, E.   system is not compromised [36] through fake sensing attacks.
           [17].                                              9)  After  government  clearance,  certification,  and  testing,
            2)  Public  crowdsourcing  systems  to  collect  signal  data   Android and iOS platforms may grant unique rights to the
           primarily focus on prominent transit routes, hence excluding   mobile app NTV like accessing the phone's state without user
           communities situated beyond these regions [32], [33].    authorization, enabling automatic data collection.
           3) In addition to antenna design, device materials can affect
           radio signal absorption in mobile phones. Receiver circuitry     8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
           noise,  nonlinearity,  and  frequency  band  support  affect   We  would  like  to  express  gratitude  to  our  employer
           performance. M.-R. Fida and others [12] and T. K. Sarkar   Department  of  Telecommunications  for  approving  our
           [28] found that user mobility, device orientation, humidity,   research work for developing the tool and collecting the data
           and temperature affect signal variation.           from  volunteers.  Further,  our  heartfelt  thanks  to  all  the
           4)  External  factors  that  could  affect  mobile  internet  QoS   volunteers who have installed our NTV app displaying full
           must  be  carefully  examined  like  data  from  big  crowds  in   trust. We also thank ISRO for providing us with terrain data
           limited  locations  like  sports  events,  concerts,  and  street   of millions of locations. We express profound appreciation
           protests  is  useful,  can  be  added  to  machine  learning   to our families for their steadfast support and appreciation of
           algorithms to improve signal strength forecasts [20].   our  aspirations  and  inclinations.  Above  all,  thanks  to  the
           5) For network-based services, QoS depends on throughput,   almighty  for  providing  us  with  all  privileges,  and  for
           delay,  packet  loss,  and  error  rate  rather  than  just  RSRP.   becoming what we are today.
           Numerous other network factors affect service quality. High
           interference  (Reference  Signal  Received  Quality)  can           REFERENCES
           degrade performance even with a robust RSRP [17].
                                                                                                 th
                                                               [1]  Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. (9  February 2024)
           6) Current research uses GPS (global positioning system) for   Press  Release  on  Indian  Telecom  Services  Performance
           precise position measurement. Note that not all gadgets have   Indicator  Report  for  the  Quarter  ending  September  2023.
           GPS [17].                                              [Online]   [Accessed   on   29    March   2024]
                                                                                              th
           7)  Smartphones'  own  algorithms  calculate  signal  strength   https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.05of2024.
           differently.  Device  noise  also  affects  wireless  receiver   pdf
                                                                           th
           sensitivity [17].                                   [2]  GSMA. (16  September 2023)   Improvements  in  Mobile
                                                                  Connectivity  Correlate  to  Greater  Impact  Towards
           8) As was the case in the study by M. F. Ahmad Fauzi et al.   Sustainable Development Goals, According To Gsma Report.
           [5] , data in the current study did not include 5G samples,   [Online]   [Accessed   on   29    March   2024]
                                                                                              th
           since 5G was introduced in October 2022.               https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-
                                                                  release/improvements-in-mobile-connectivity-correlate-to-
           7.3. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK                              greater-impact-towards-sustainable-development-goals-
           1) Using data from mobile app NTV developed in current   according-to-gsma-report
           research,  telecom  companies  can  identify  landforms  in   [3]  J.  Johansson,  W.  A.  Hapsari,  S.  Kelley  and  G.  Bodog,
           inaccessible or unneeded areas where signal coverage is not   "Minimization of drive tests in 3GPP release 11," in IEEE
           needed [22]. This action could lower telecom provider costs.    Communications  Magazine,  vol.  50,  no.  11,  pp.  36-43,
                                                                  November 2012, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2012.6353680
           2) Still a challenge is developing novel deep learning models   [4]  F.  Lyu  et  al.,  "Coverage  Estimation  of  Wireless  Network
           for tabular data. The enhanced TabNet (iTabNet) described   Using Attention U-Net," 2022 IEEE International Conference
           in the study [34] is the solution proposed. Once its Python   on  Trust,  Security  and  Privacy  in  Computing  and
           library implementation is available, NTV data can be used to   Communications  (TrustCom),  Wuhan,  China,  2022,  pp.
           verify its efficacy.                                   1255-1260, doi: 10.1109/TrustCom56396.2022.00174
                                                               [5]  M.  Ahmad  Fauzi  et  al.,  "Mobile  Network  Coverage
           3) Drive test and MDT data can be used to train models and   Prediction  Based  on  Supervised  Machine  Learning
           improve signal quality predictions [14].               Algorithms,"  in  IEEE  Access,  vol.  10,  pp.  55782-55793,
           4)  The  two-dimensional  and  three-dimensional  distance   2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3176619
           between  the  transmitter  and  receiver,  height  difference,   [6]  A Daniel Baumann Supervisor: Tsvetko Tsvetkov Seminar
           transmitter  tilt  and  azimuth  angles,  transmitting  power,   Future  Internet  WS2013/2014  Chair  for  Network
           clutter and building heights information, etc. can be used in   Architectures and Services Department of Computer Science,
                                                                                Universität
                                                                                             München
                                                                                                         Email:
                                                                  Technische
           the ML algorithm to improve accuracy [5].              daniel.baumann@in.tum.de
           5) This app has been integrated into the existing Umang [35]   https://www.net.in.tum.de/fileadmin/TUM/NET/NET-2014-
           mobile application having a user base of around 50 million.   03-1/NET-2014-03-1_02.pdf
                                                               [7]  Education  Today.    (5   October  2020)  Sonu  Sood  installs
                                                                                   th
           6)  e-delivery services utilizing Gig economy services  like   mobile tower in Haryana village after students struggle for
           Zomato,  Uber,  and  Amazon  may  include  NTV  as  an
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