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Innovation and Digital Transformation for a Sustainable World
























            (a) Screenshot of HD video played on UE screen     (b) HD video application data throughput (Mbps) versus time
                                Figure 6 -   UE’s video replay screenshot and application throughput graph.

           preconfigured  with  basic  setup  parameters,  including  IP   alongside  the  video  content.  Additionally,  the  control
           addresses and namespaces.                          operation  visualization  monitor  displays  graphs  of  CPU,
           INCA  functions  and  interfaces: INCA function modules   memory,  bandwidth  utilization  of  the  5GC  network
           are  executed,  and  integrated  control  interfaces  are   functions,  and  the  bandwidth  utilization  of  the  NTN.
           initialized  to  communicate  through  Web-based  APIs  with   Similarly,  the  NTN  topology  visualization  window
           individual network segment controllers.            illustrates  the  three  NTN  paths.  As  an  illustration  of  the
           Control  operation  visualization  monitor:  Grafana  tools   demo  visualization,  Fig.  6  shows  a  screenshot  of  the  HD
           are  initialized  to  display  resource  utilization  monitoring   video played on UE’s screen and the monitoring graph of
           graphs  drawn  with  the  monitoring  data  retrieved  from   the HD video application data throughput.
           INCA functions.                                    5.2 Validation 2: Network monitoring & control
           5.1 Validation 1: Network service creation         This  demonstration  confirms  that  the  INCA  can  monitor
           This  demonstration  confirms  that  INCA  can  create  three   and control the resource utilization of NTN, 5GC, and DN
           network services, each tailored for HD, SD, and LD video   continuously,  and  maintain  the  required  level  of  QoS
           applications when service creation requests are orchestrated   consistently.  In  this  scenario,  we  create  a  single  network
           from INCA functions to the controllers of the 5GC, NTN,   service  by  allocating  25  Mbps  bandwidth  to  the  NTN
           and  DN.  UEs,  having  associated  with  their  respective   segment,  emphasizing  the  adjustment  of  NTN  bandwidth
           network services, initiate downloading and playing the HD,   due to its scarcity compared to TN bandwidths. Three UEs
           SD,  and  LD  videos  on  their  screens.  The  QoS  graphs,   connect to the same network service to download and play
           including data rate, round-trip time, and jitter, are displayed   the HD video content. Resource utilization graphs for 5GC



















               (a) NTN bandwidth utilization versus experiment time.  (b) UPF’s resource utilization versus experiment
               When network congestion is created by injecting  time. The bandwidth and CPU utilization of the
               background traffic from around 60 seconds, the NTN  UPF increase from 60 seconds due to the
               bandwidth utilization surges to nearly 100%. The  background noise traffic. However, as the utilization
               utilization decreases after increasing the NTN   is still very nominal, the INCA controller decides
               bandwidth by the control decision made by the INCA  nothing to do with the control of CPU, bandwidth,
               controller.                                      and memory resources.

              Figure 7 -   NTN path bandwidth utilization and 5GC (central) UPF bandwidth, CPU, and memory utilization when network
                                            service is congested by background traffic.





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