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54 Data obtained from SUI, https:// www .sui .gov .co, between 2005 and 2018, the increase in
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55 Data obtained from SUI, https:// www .sui .gov .co

56 Berntzen L & Karamagioli E (2010). Regulatory Measures to Support eDemocracy. Fourth
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57 OECD (2001). Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public
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58 Weber V (2019). Smart cities must pay more attention to the people who live in them. World
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59 http:// smarthealthycitizen .com/ , https:// www .smartkidspharmex .com/ , https:// smart -healthy
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60 Aznar SR & Santé JC (2020). Estudio Impacto de la educación smart en los hábitos de
la infancia, durante el confinamiento. Modelo Smart preventivo. Presentado 07/20 París,
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61 For examples see: Brannon MM (2017). Datafied and divided: Techno-dimensions of
inequality in American cities. City & Community, 16(1), 20–24. Byass P (2017). In Retrospect:
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New urban utopias of postcolonial India: ’Entrepreneurial urbanization’ in Dholera smart
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62 Linders D, 2016. Sector Focus 4: Smart cities. In World Development Report 2016: Digital
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63 Vince C (2020). The 14 pillars of a smart city. Smart Cities World. https:// www
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64 Sepasgozar SME, Hawken S, Sargolzaei S & Foroozanfa M, 2019. Implementing citizen centric
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65 World Bank (2016). World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends. https:// www
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66 RAMP Index (2018). Cheapest prepaid mobile voice product by country (in USD). Retrieved
from: https:// researchictafrica .net/ ramp _indices _portal/
67 City of Johannesburg (2018). City of Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan 2018/19
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68 Stats SA (2019). Four facts about our provincial economies. Statistics South Africa. Retrieved
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