Page 120 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 3 – Internet of Bio-Nano Things for health applications

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 3

numbers. For the results presented above,
we partitioned a single myelinated segment into 10 4
compartments. Note that, in Fig. 11, the percent
difference values for 10 4 compartments and 10 5
compartments are indistinguishable, proving that our
inite element method analysis has suf icient depth to
offer accurate results, i.e.,
Δ = ≈ Δ = ≈ lim Δ . (27)
10 4 10 5 Δ →0

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Fig. 9 – Percent difference between our model and conventional model
for different frequency values depending on the length of the paranodal In this work, we developed a compartment‑based model
region.
for the endpoints of the myelin sheath, i.e., the paranodal
region, for the irst time in literature. We believe our work
paves the way to more complicated and realistic models
to apply ICT ‑based treatments to conditions arising from
deformities in the myelin sheath.

In future work, several issues will be investigated as fol‑
lows:

• Incorporating nodes of Ranvier into the model to ob‑
tain end‑to‑end axonal channel characteristics,

• Extensive examination of axon’s end‑to‑end model
including delay and phase analysis,

• Calculation of digital and analog capacity for the ax‑
onal internodes,

• Modeling myelin‑related diseases, e.g., paranodal de‑
Fig. 10 – Percent difference between our model and conventional model tachment and demyelination, and determining the
for different frequency values depending on axon length.
loss in internodal channel capacity due to a disease.

45
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
Partition= 10
3
40 Partition= 10 4 5 This work was supported in part by the AXA Research
Percent Difference for Different Axon Radii 30 sity), ERC project MINERVA (ERC‑2013‑CoG #616922),
Partition=
10
35
Partition=
10
Fund (AXA Chair for Internet of Everything at Koç Univer‑
and Huawei Graduate Research Scholarship.
25
20
REFERENCES
15
[1] IF Akyildiz, M Pierobon, S Balasubramaniam, and
10
Y Koucheryavy. “The internet of bio‑nano things”.
5
In: IEEE Communications Magazine 53.3 (2015),
0
pp. 32–40.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Frequency
[2] Ozgur B Akan, Hamideh Ramezani, Tooba Khan,
Fig. 11 – Percent difference between our model and conventional model Naveed A Abbasi, and Murat Kuscu. “Fundamen‑
for different step size values used for inite element analysis.
tals of molecular information and communication
science”. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 105.2 (2017),
pp. 306–318.
[3] Caglar Koca and Ozgur B Akan. “Anarchy versus co‑
operation on internet of molecular things”. In: IEEE
Internet of Things Journal 4.5 (2017),
pp. 1445–1453.
108 © International Telecommunication Union, 2021