Page 45 - First special issue on The impact of Artificial Intelligence on communication networks and services

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REAL-TIME MONITORING OF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF USING
INTERNET OF THINGS WITH BIG DATA ANALYTICS

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Abstract –The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) of Australia is the largest size of coral reef system on the planet stretching
over 2300 kilometers. Coral reefs are experiencing a range of stresses including climate change, which has
resulted in episodes of coral bleaching and ocean acidification where increased levels of carbon dioxide from the
burning of fossil fuels are reducing the calcification mechanism of corals. In this article, we present a successful
application of big data analytics with Internet of Things (IoT)/wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology to
monitor complex marine environments of the GBR. The paper presents a two-tiered IoT/WSN network
architecture used to monitor the GBR and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms with big data analytics
to detect events of interest. The case study presents the deployment of a WSN at Heron Island in the southern GBR
in 2009. It is shown that we are able to detect Cyclone Hamish patterns as an anomaly using the sensor time series
of temperature, pressure and humidity data. The article also gives a perspective of AI algorithms from the
viewpoint to monitor, manage and understand complex marine ecosystems. The knowledge obtained from the
large-scale implementation of IoT with big data analytics will continue to act as a feedback mechanism for
managing acomplex system of systems (SoS) in our marine ecosystem.

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