Page 202 - Trust in ICT 2017

3 Trust in ICT

Appendix I

Trust definitions
This appendix provides various trust definitions from different viewpoints as shown in Table I.1.

Table I.1 – Trust definitions
Definitions References

Lexical- Reliance on the integrity, strength, ability, surety, etc., of a person or thing;
Dictionary
semantic confidence
Reliance on and confidence in the truth, worth, reliability, etc., of a person or Dictionary
thing; faith
General aspects Trust is a measure of confidence that an entity will behave in an expected manner,
despite the lack of ability to monitor or control the environment in which it
operates.
Psychology Trust is considered to be a psychological state of the individual, where the trustor
risks being vulnerable to the trustee based on positive expectations of the
trustee’s intentions or behaviour.
Trust is considered to have three aspects: cognitive, emotive, and behavioural.
Sociology Trust is defined as “a bet about the future contingent actions of the trustee”. This
bet, or expectation, is considered to be trust only if it has some consequence upon
the action of the person who makes the bet (i.e., trustor).
Trust is considered from two viewpoints: individual and societal. At individual
level, similar to the perspective from psychology, the vulnerability of the trustor is
a major factor.
Trust is differentiated from cooperation in the presence of assurance (a third party
overseeing the interaction and providing sanctions in case of misbehaviour).
However, cooperation in the presence of the shadow of the future (i.e., fear of [b-Sherchan]
future actions by the other party) is considered to be trust. In this respect, social
trust has only two facets, cognitive and behavioural, with the emotive aspect
building over time as trust increases between two individuals.
At societal level, trust is considered to be a property of social groups and is
represented by a collective psychological state of the group. Social trust implies
that members of a social group act according to the expectation that other
members of the group are also trustworthy and expect trust from other group
members. Thus, at societal level, social trust also has the institutional or system
aspect of trust.
Computer Trust in computer science in general can be classified into two broad categories:
Science “user” and “system”. The notion of “user” trust is derived from psychology and
sociology, with a standard definition as “a subjective expectation an entity has
about another’s future behaviour”.
“System” trust is “the expectation that a device or system will faithfully behave in
a particular manner to fulfil its intended purpose”.
System trust is “an attitude of confident expectation in an online situation of risk
that one’s vulnerabilities will not be exploited”
Specific context Interpersonal trust is a relationship between a trustor and a trustee arising in
(Trust in IoT) uncertain and (potentially) risky situations, affecting trustors behaviour, emotion
and cognition. It is evoked by the perception of trustworthy characteristics (such
as ability, benevolence and integrity) of the trustee.

In the context of IoT, trust is reliance on the integrity, ability or character of an
[b-uTRUSTit]
entity. Trust can be further explained in terms of confidence in the truth or worth
of an entity.
Trust is an internal status of the user that may possibly become in the users
behaviour as well as in the users’ affect and cognition and therefore is partly
accessible. Furthermore, trust is evoked by trustworthiness characteristics of the
technology.
Trust is “a user’s confidence in an entity’s reliability, including user's acceptance of
vulnerability in a potentially risky situation”.

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