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world is done by ICT convergence which is interlinking the information and communication technology and
other industrial technologies for energy, transportation, health, and public safety, etc. System information
and physical operations are logged at software entities in the cyber world. The parameters of software
entities in the cyber world are tuned with the corresponding parameters of the physical system, for example,
for testing or manufacturing process. The software function in the cyber world has a mirror image of the real
physical system which is able to continuously record and track the physical operation. Therefore, the
integrated intelligent functions in the cyber world are applied to the physical world.

If the operation and maintenance of the cyber world are inconsistent with those of the physical world, there
are some challenging issues to be solved by the creative innovation of the cyber physical system. For the
design of the cyber physical system, the physical systems can be collaboratively and interdisciplinary
implemented by using intelligent software engineering. The physical system should be robust and stable
while there are the interruption of controllability and the failures of software functions. Also, the unexpected
results and harmful failures of the physical system can be simulated by software engineering. For stable
operations of the physical system, the proactive algorithms running in the cyber world can be applied to
avoid unpredictable risks or deadlocks.

Figure 8 – ICT conceptual vision of future ICT infrastructure

Key trends of the future ICT eco-society
The key trends of the future ICT infrastructure are to build creative, trustworthy, and a knowledge eco-
society. All people invent their own ideas for improvement of their life and business. If someone creates new
ideas that wants to share with his/her friends, the communication channel should be secure and reliable. By
accumulating the existing activities for a future knowledge society, the key trends are identified as "hyper
connected society", "mobile native", "free economy", and "the third industrial revolution". The essence of
the key trends for the future knowledge society is summarized as follows:

– "Hyper connected society" for coexistence, consensus, and sharing:
• Technology breakthroughs by using smartphones and IoT/M2M technologies;
• Information resonance effects of smart networking and social media;
• New opportunities of explosion of digital information and big data analytics.

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