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new productive and efficient ways of business will be launched. By collectively sharing information among
people, more exact actions to drive better business results will be aligned.

Figure 6 – Evolution of social business [41]

When the IoT/M2M technologies are combined with social media, there is an amazing opportunity to create
better, more useful experiences. There are new ways of human life and business by utilizing sensor
technologies such as smoke detectors, motion detectors, thermostats, and closed-circuit television (CCTV)
cameras, etc. The situations captured by many sensors are visualized in the smartphones of individuals
and/or groups of communities, which invoke reactions and feedback from people. The evolutions of the
Internet of things (IoT) applications will take the same path as those of social media applications. The open
application programming interface (API) technologies allow the IoT devices to become a member of social
communities. For example, the building energy management system (BEMS) can be implemented and
operated by collaborations of humans and a lot of sensors. It seems that the IoT sensors are a member of the
social community to manage the building energy consumption. If IoT devices are open to invite new
technologies, social IoT applications will be created, which is similar to those of social media applications.
Emergence of knowledge society

The creation and dissemination of knowledge is increasingly the key to success, and thus to sustainable
economic and social development. Creative knowledge is a key factor in global competitiveness, which fuels
new job creation and economic growth. The most important property of knowledge is now intellectual
property. It is essential to growth and prosperity rather than traditional labour. Moreover, knowledge has
been a driver of economic and social development as well as productivity of manufacturing industry.
Knowledge innovation fundamentally means coming up with new ideas about how to do things better or
faster.
By utilizing information and communication technologies, the emergence of the knowledge society is
bringing about a fundamental reshaping of the existing industrial society. It introduces a transformation of
global economy. The information and communication technologies are facilitating a new intensity in the
application of knowledge to economic activity, to the extent that it has become the predominant factors in
the creation of wealth.
To cope with the upcoming zeta-byte era toward knowledge society, the market potential of
telecommunication and broadcast is gradually declining even though smartphones, TVs, and PCs are the
major source of traffic [1]. The fastest growing traffic is coming from Internet of things/machine-to-machine
(IoT/M2M) applications. The high traffic growth is due to more video applications combined with IoT/M2M
applications such as e-health and self-driving cars. With the increasing usage of WiFi and long term evolution
(LTE) technologies, video applications are becoming the largest portions of upstream traffic, which is mainly

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