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Figure 6.4.7-2 – An example of interfaces and network architecture for resource
management in a multi-operator heterogeneous network

5G3ALT intends to provide a solution that considers the QoS requirements of each application and responses
accordingly. To be more specific, during the long-term control phase, BSs and/or APs are to be
selected/associated considering the particular requirements of each service, such as data rate, latency,
mobility, or reliability. The idea that the operators run heterogeneous networks in general, complicates this
issue. Network capabilities need to be shared among operators to some extent. Also, the requirements of
the requested service should be considered. Various interfaces are needed to convey these requirements as
well as networks’ capabilities and availabilities. A general example is shown in Figure 6.4.7-2.

The goal of 5G3ALT can be summarized in two parts. The first part is to design the architecture and required
interfaces to convey necessary information for management. The flow of the necessary control protocol is
also developed in this part. The second part is to design the management algorithm that makes the long-
term/short-term control decisions according to service requirements and networks’ capabilities.
6.4.7.4 Related key issues in 3GPP standardization

5G3ALT project follows the trend in 3GPP standardization and aligns its developed system to standard
specifications while actively participating in standardization process. Following the study item FS_SMARTER
in 3GPP [Ref. 6.4.7-4], the work item (WI) “New Study on Architecture and Security for Next Generation
System” has been approved in 3GPP TSG SA#71 (March 2016) [Ref. 6.4.7-5]. This WI consists of two work
items: FS_NextGen (SA2) and FS_NSA (SA3). FS_NextGen (SA2) impacts the technical report TR 23.799
[Ref. 6.4.7-6]. This technical report lists a number of key issues and several solutions for each issue. Among
these key issues 5G3ALT project is mainly concerned with the followings:

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