Page 553 - 5G Basics - Core Network Aspects

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other side, devices can indirectly receive information (e.g., commands) from the communication
network.
Ad-hoc networking: Devices may be able to construct networks in an ad-hoc manner in some
scenarios which need increased scalability and quick deployment.
Sleeping and waking-up: Device capabilities may support "sleeping" and "waking-up" mechanisms
to save energy.
NOTE – The support in a single device of both capabilities of direct interaction with the communication network and
indirect interaction with the communication network is not mandatory.
– Gateway capabilities:

The gateway capabilities include but are not limited to:
Multiple interfaces support: At the device layer, the gateway capabilities support devices connected
through different kinds of wired or wireless technologies, such as a controller area network (CAN)
bus, ZigBee, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. At the network layer, the gateway capabilities may communicate
through various technologies, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), second
generation or third generation (2G or 3G) networks, long-term evolution networks (LTE), Ethernet
or digital subscriber lines (DSL).
Protocol conversion: There are two situations where gateway capabilities are needed. One situation
is when communications at the device layer use different device layer protocols, e.g., ZigBee
technology protocols and Bluetooth technology protocols, the other one is when communications
involving both the device layer and network layer use different protocols e.g., a ZigBee technology
protocol at the device layer and a 3G technology protocol at the network layer.

8.5 Management capabilities

In a similar way to traditional communication networks, IoT management capabilities cover the traditional
fault, configuration, accounting, performance and security (FCAPS) classes, i.e., fault management,
configuration management, accounting management, performance management and security management.

The IoT management capabilities can be categorized into generic management capabilities and specific
management capabilities.

Essential generic management capabilities in the IoT include:
– device management, such as remote device activation and de-activation, diagnostics, firmware
and/or software updating, device working status management;
– local network topology management;
– traffic and congestion management, such as the detection of network overflow conditions and the
implementation of resource reservation for time-critical and/or life-critical data flows.
Specific management capabilities are closely coupled with application-specific requirements, e.g., smart grid
power transmission line monitoring requirements.

8.6 Security capabilities
There are two kinds of security capabilities: generic security capabilities and specific security capabilities.
Generic security capabilities are independent of applications. They include:
– at the application layer: authorization, authentication, application data confidentiality and integrity
protection, privacy protection, security audit and anti-virus;
– at the network layer: authorization, authentication, use data and signalling data confidentiality, and
signalling integrity protection;
– at the device layer: authentication, authorization, device integrity validation, access control, data
confidentiality and integrity protection.

Specific security capabilities are closely coupled with application-specific requirements, e.g., mobile
payment, security requirements.

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