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Box 8. Initiatives for increasing resiliency in the telecommunications system in New York City,
            USA

            The New York City developed a comprehensive plan entitled "A stronger, more resilient New York"
            containing recommendations both rebuilding the communities impacted by Sandy and increasing
            the resilience of infrastructure and buildings citywide. The plan contains the following initiatives
            designed to mitigate the impact of climate change on New York's telecommunications system:
              Establishing an office within The New York City Department of Information Technology and
                Telecommunications (DoITT) to focus on telecommunications regulation and resiliency planning;
              Establishing new resiliency requirements for providers using scheduled renewals of the City's
                franchise agreements;
              Requesting business continuity plans from current city franchisees as permitted under existing
                franchise agreements;
              Developing  flood  protection  standards  for  placement  of  telecommunications  equipment  in
                buildings;
              Using the DoITT franchise agreements to ensure hardening of all critical facilities;
              Studying options to increase conduit infrastructure redundancy and resiliency;
              Continuing the implementation of Connect NYC Fiber Access to create broadband redundancy;
              Adding telecommunications provider quality and resiliency to the WiredNYC and NYC Broadband
                map ratings.

            A progress report of the implementation of the plan emphasizes that a robust telecommunications
            network  is  the  backbone  to  New  York  City,  supporting  every  aspect  of  work  and  life.  That
            communication is especially critical during disasters or citywide catastrophes, during which the city
            is  most  vulnerable.  The  report  indicates  achievements  under  the  telecommunications  system,
            including a process for establishing the Telecommunications Planning and Resiliency Office (TPRO)
            to address telecommunication policy and enforcement issues in the event of future storms and
            disruptions like Sandy, a review of all of the city's existing franchise agreements and procurement
            contracts to identify opportunities for enhancing telecommunications resiliency.
            Sources: The City of New York, 2013. A stronger, more resilient New York.
            http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/html/report/report.shtml
            The City of New York, 2014. Progress report: Sustainability & resiliency 2014.
            http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc/downloads/pdf/140422_PlaNYCP‐Report_FINAL_Web.pdf

            Observing and understanding atmospheric processes and impacts in cities is essential to prepare a
            sustainable response, and to build urban resilience to climate change. ICT tools and services are a
            key resource in facilitating environmental data collection and analysis that can be used by city
            planners to improve urban preparedness to natural hazards and changing climatic conditions. Thus,
            ICTs  (including  radio,  satellites,  radar,  earth  observation  systems)  are  valuable  tools  for
            environmental and climate change monitoring systems that can save thousands of lives.
            Remote  monitoring  and  data  collection  using  ICT‐equipped  sensors  (telemetry)  is  essential  for
            climate change‐related research. ICTs have also proved invaluable to conduct climate modelling
            experiments.  The  development  of  aerial  photography,  satellite  imagery,  grid  technology  and  in
            particular the use of global positioning by satellite (GPS) for tracking slow and long‐term movement,
            represent significant results of the use of ICTs that can support the development of climate change
            adaptation projects on a city level. (Box 9).









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