Page 88 - Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2016

clubs, whose members can book and use vehicles systems are being deployed around the world, as
parked around their neighbourhood almost shown in Figure 3.3.
on-demand. Or, the IoT can lead to “pay-as-you-
drive” insurance based on precise driving patterns, Many M2M devices use standard mobile
behaviours, and risk factors. Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs) for
identification and authentication. Unlike mobile
The simplest IoT technology – passive Radio phones, though, these devices often are located
Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging – is in diverse, unsupervised locations, where they
already widespread in retail, transit ticketing are subject to wind, rain, large temperature
and access control. Near-Field Communication changes, and vibration. To protect the SIMs -- and
(NFC) is now included in newer smart phones, also to prevent theft – they often are attached
enabling applications such as contactless permanently and securely to the M2M devices .
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payments (examples include Visa’s payWave and
Mastercard’s PayPass standards). Specialized M2M communications are often periodic and
sensors and processors in smart phones, watches, uplink-intensive (especially if video is being
bracelets and even clothing can collect, process streamed from cameras, sometimes in high
and share data about individuals and their definition). By contrast, many core and access
environments. communication networks currently are configured
to support the downlink-heavy communications
RFID and NFC only work at close range. M2M typical of Internet use .
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systems, however, can send information over
cellular networks. Examples include electricity In the ITU-T model, communication network
metre readings sent to energy companies and car providers are responsible for:
airbag deployment notifications sent to emergency
services. Literally hundreds of millions of M2M • access and integration of resources provided
by other providers;

Figure 3.1: The Internet of Things, in a nutshell

The Internet of Things

What Is It? Anything
Any Device
“A global infrastructure for the information
society, enabling advanced services by Anytime Anyone
interconnecting (physical and virtual) things Any context The Anybody
based on existing and evolving interoperable INTERNET
information and communication” (ITU-T) of
THINGS
Who Makes It?
Any Place Any Service
Anywhere Any Business
Device manufacturers, network operators,
application platforms, software developers Any Path
and (cloud-based) data analytics services Any network
providers

How Is It Accessed?

Connection of IoT devices via Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, mobile phone networks,
specialized radio networks, global Internet

70 Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2016