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85 See http:// techcrunch. com/ 2015/ 02/ 11/ sigfox- raises- 115m- to- take- its- internet- of- things- network- global/

86 See http:// techcrunch. com/ 2015/ 02/ 11/ sigfox- raises- 115m- to- take- its- internet- of- things- network- global/

87 See http:// www. convergencepartners. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ SEACOMAnnouncement- ver3. pdf
88 Assumes an exchange rate of USD0.084 per ZAR

89 See http:// remgro. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ pdf/ 2015/ Results_ 31Dec2014. pdf
90 See http:// www. thanhniennews. com/ tech/ intl- connections- in- vietnam- may- fully- recover- in- 3- weeks- 42574. html

91 See http:// www. pcworld. com/ article/ 258844/ facebook_ buys_ a_ stake_ in_ 450m_ asian_ undersea_ cable_ consortium.
html

92 See https:// www. time. com. my/ aboutus/ newsroom_ detailed. asp? id= 236& ddlYear= 2015
93 See http:// www. carnegieuktrust. org. uk/ getattachment/ 49d067b8- 5836- 4906- bfe0- 70978c6ca5e9/ Rural- Broadband---
Reframing- the- Debate. aspx

94 See http:// www. hie. co. uk/ community- support/ community- broadband- scotland/ funding/ default. html
95 See http:// www. governancereport. org/ home/ governance- innovations/ featured- innovations- 2014/ broadband-
crowdfunding- germany/
96 See https:// books. google. co. uk/ books? id= XlL1AgAAQBAJ& pg= PA86& lpg= PA86& dq=
crowdfunding+broadband+germany& source= bl& ots= RvNI8TVdFr& sig= 5#v= onepage& q= crowdfunding%20
broadband%20 germany& f= false

97 See http:// www. breitbandnetzgesellschaft. de/ die- initiative/ ausbauplan/
98 See License-exempt framework refers to devices operating on a non-interference/non-protection basis in compliance
with technical specification and/or band rules without the need for an individual device license. See ITU, Trends in
Telecommunication Reform- special edition- 4 generation Regulation, Chapter 3 – TV white spaces: managing empty
th
spaces or better managing inefficiencies? www. itu. int/ specialtrends
99 See http:// www. scotsman. com/ news/ scotland/ top- stories/ rural- scotland- to- lead- with- white- space- internet- 1- 3569913
100 See ITU, GSR14 Discussion paper on new frontier in spectrum licensing, http:// www. itu. int/ en/ ITU- D/ Conferences/
GSR/ Documents/ GSR2014/ Discussion%20 papers%20 and%20 presentations%20 -%20 GSR14/ Session4_ GSR14-
DiscussionPaper- SpectrumLicensing. pdf

101 See https:// www. crowdcube. com/ pg/ investing- your- money- 1513
102 See http:// www. crowdfiber. com/ campaigns

103 See http:// www. crowdfiber. com/ service- provider- edition
104 See http:// www. finextra. com/ news/ fullstory. aspx? newsitemid= 27188

105 See the definition of accredited investors by SEC at http:// www. sec. gov/ answers/ accred. htm
106 See http:// www. crowdfundinsider. com/ 2014/ 11/ 55071- brief- star- citizen- creator- discusses- crowdfunding- video- games-
development- video/

107 See https:// robertsspaceindustries. com/ funding- goals

108 See http:// www. cnbc. com/ id/ 102021804
109 See https:// www. kickstarter. com/ projects/ cig/ star- citizen/ description

110 See http:// www. polygon. com/ features/ 2015/ 3/ 2/ 8131661/ star- citizen- chris- roberts- interview
111 See https:// www. pensionledfunding. com/ press_ release/ 10- things- you- need- to- know- aboutpension- led- business-
funding/

44 Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2016