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45 Venkatesen Mauree, The Mobile Money Revolution: Part 2: Financial Inclusion Enabler, ITU-T Technology Watch Report
(May 2013), http:// www. itu. int/ dms_ pub/ itu- t/ oth/ 23/ 01/ T23010000200002PDFE. pdf, at p. 16.
46 HomePNA Certifies 9 More Products, 1 Reference Design, Increases Number of Reliable, Interoperable Products to 26,
Business Wire, Apr. 16, 2008.
47 IEEE Conformity Assessment Program (ICAP) Announces the Official Launch of the IEEE 1588(TM) Telecommunications
Certification Program, Marketwired, Oct. 9, 2013.
48 See European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document, A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe – Analysis
and Evidence (2015), at 61, http:// ec. europa. eu/ priorities/ digital- single- market/ docs/ dsm- swd_ en. pdf.

49 See generally Urs Gasser, David O’Brien, Governments and Cloud Computing: Roles, Approaches, and Policy
Considerations, Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2014-6 (Mar. 7 2014), http:// papers. ssrn. com/ sol3/ papers.
cfm? abstract_ id= 2410270.
50 European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document, A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe – Analysis and
Evidence (2015), at 66-67, http:// ec. europa. eu/ priorities/ digital- single- market/ docs/ dsm- swd_ en. pdf.

51 Tom Fairless, Rolfe Winkler, Alistair Barr, EU Files Formal Antitrust Charges Against Google, Wall Street Journal, Apr. 15,
2015, http:// www. wsj. com/ articles/ eu- files- formal- charges- against- google- 1429092584.

52 European Commission, Antitrust: Commission Launches E-commerce Sector Inquiry, Press Release, May 6, 2015, http://
europa. eu/ rapid/ press- release_ IP- 15- 4921_ en. htm.

53 Rolf H. Weber, Legal Interoperability as a Tool for Combatting Fragmentation, CIGI (Paper Series No. 4, Dec. 2014).

54 See generally Urs Gasser, David O’Brien, Governments and Cloud Computing: Roles, Approaches, and Policy
Considerations, Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2014-6 (Mar. 7 2014), http:// papers. ssrn. com/ sol3/ papers.
cfm? abstract_ id= 2410270.

55 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 3.0, NIST Special Publication 1108R3
(Sept. 2014), http:// www. nist. gov/ smartgrid/ upload/ NIST- SP- 1108r3. pdf.

56 European Commission, A Digital Single Market for Europe: Commission sets out 16 initiatives to make it happen, Press
Release, May 6, 2015, http:// europa. eu/ rapid/ press- release_ IP- 15- 4919_ en. htm.
57 European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document, A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe – Analysis and
Evidence (2015), at 67, http:// ec. europa. eu/ priorities/ digital- single- market/ docs/ dsm- swd_ en. pdf.
58 Cory Doctrow, Crypto wars redux: why the FBI’s desire to unlock your private life must be resisted, The Guardian, Oct. 9,
2014, http:// www. theguardian. com/ technology/ 2014/ oct/ 09/ crypto- wars- redux- why- the- fbis- desire- to- unlock- your-
private- life- must- be- resisted.

59 Rolf H. Weber, Legal Interoperability as a Tool for Combatting Fragmentation, CIGI (Paper Series No. 4, Dec. 2014).

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