Page 306 - Kaleidoscope Academic Conference Proceedings 2024

2024 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

[35]. QCALL which was formed during the period 6. APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM
=
of 2016 to 2021 for the amount of C3,924,884 focused COMMUNICATION
on technologies such as the wireless quantum, and
multi-party communications [36]. QuantCom (2018–2023, 6.1 Quantum Key Distribution
= C2,496,372) targeted on the error control as well as the
Quantum secure communications, particularly QKD,
network coding for quantum communications [37]. Fund
represent one of the main applications of quantum computing.
number: QCUMbER (2015-2018, C3,219,721) improved
=
The QKD protocol process is generating and sharing secret
quantum channel capacities [38]. NanOQTech (2016-2019,
keys among two parties through the quantum communication
= C3,378,428) was to develop nanoscale hybrid quantum
channels. Hence, these keys enables message to pass through
=
systems [39]. CiViQ (2018-2022, C9,974,006) seek to
conventional cryptographic process. What stands QKD out
incorporate quantum communication technologies to telecom
is the fact the information stays secure because any effort to
networks [40]. Figures 1 and 2 depict the Projects Timeline
tap or manipulate such signal would result in errors hence
and Projects Budget, respectively.
exposing intruder. QKD has been proven to be a viable
solution across different types of setups such as ones that
employ satellites, fibers, and space connections.
6.2 Quantum Communication in 6G Network
Wireless communication technologies from 1G to 5G of the
last few decades are based on the first quantum revolution
which used quantum mechanics to build transistors, lasers,
optical fibers, and built-in circuits. This revolution formed the
basis of the information technology age. Now we come to the
second quantum revolution in which single quantum objects
like the photon and the electron can be fashioned to form
new communication systems that are beyond classical IT. 6G
wireless communications will heavily depend on Quantum
technology for its application in Quantum Communications,
Figure 1 – Projects Timeline from Start Year to End Year Quantum Computing, and Quantum Sensing for ultra-secure
communication, higher data rates, and better navigation.
In the U.S., the Centre for a Quantum-Engineered Distributed
Computing and Communication Testbed (2019-2021, $ 6.3 Quantum Communication for IoT
149,625) proposed new solutions for quantum networking
[41]. The Project is called OPENQKD and as such it The potential usage of quantum communication for IoT
was funded between 2019 and 2022 with a total budget becomesreal while includingquantum secure communication
of C17,974,246 and its goal was the demonstration of the among the Internet of Things (IoT) that is believed to be
=
MQCD The OPENQKD project (2019-2022, C17,974,246) a collection of compatible devices for data acquisition and
=
demonstrated the maturity of quantum key distribution [43]. exchange. The limited in resources and widely distributed
The new proposed center was called the NSF Engineering network for the devices of IoT can become vulnerable and
Research Centre for Quantum Networks, CQN (2020-2025, prone to cyber threats. Throughput in IoT can be increased
$26,000,000) and the research area was long-distance by the implementation of quantum communication using
quantum communications [44]. two methods such as QKD (quantum key distribution) as
a key establishment technique between devices or quantum
cryptography as an encryption and authentication technique
for confidential data. Also for this merger that might be
a starting point for the absolutely new components, like
quantum sensing and quantum edge computing.

6.4 Quantum Communication for Government and
Defence Industry
Encryption in the quantum regime is essential to military
organizations and the state to maintain the secrecy of
national data from cyberthreats. Whether it is QKD-based
key generation coupled with quantum key management or
Figure 2 – Projects VS Budget(2014-2026)
advanced solutions for secure encrypted data storage, IDQ
offers reliable solutions for the long-term preservation of our
confidential data. Quantum encryption, which incorporates

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