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2016 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

Table 1: Sensor Field Readiness: Subject One

Subject one Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Systolic blood pressure Max: 120mmHg Max: 137mmHg Max: 127mmHg Max: 131mmHg
Min: 111 mmHg Min: 117 mmHg Min: 121 mmHg Min: 127 mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure Max: 93mmHg Max: 86mmHg Max: 91mmHg Max: 78mmHg
Min: 77mmHg Min: 76mmHg Min: 83mmHg Min: 69mmHg
Pulse Max: 66 bpm Max: 86 bpm Max: 71 bpm Max: 70 bpm
Min: 61 bpm Min: 61 bpm Min: 65 bpm Min: 66 bpm
SPO2 Max: 99% Max: 90% Max: 95% Max: 99%
Min: 98 % Min: 88 % Min: 89 % Min: 93 %
o
Temp ( C) Max:37.00 Max:36.94 Max:36.98 Max:36.99
Min:36.98 Min:36.64 Min:36.90 Min:36.81
Subject two Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Systolic blood pressure Max: 134mmHg Max: 131mmHg Max: 134mmHg Max: 130mmHg
Min: 132 mmHg Min: 129 mmHg Min: 131 mmHg Min: 126 mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure Max: 79mmHg Max: 82mmHg Max: 81mmHg Max: 83mmHg
Min: 78mmHg Min: 76mmHg Min: 75mmHg Min: 63mmHg
Pulse Max: 88 bpm Max: 79 bpm Max: 73 bpm Max: 74 bpm
Min: 82 bpm Min: 67 bpm Min: 67 bpm Min: 66 bpm
SPO2 Max: 99% Max: 93% Max: 97% Max: 95%
Min: 95 % Min: 89 % Min: 95 % Min: 93 %
o
Temp ( C) Max:36.87 Max:37.06 Max:36.98 Max:36.99
Min:36.53 Min:36.64 Min:36.92 Min:36.91

Figure 6: RSSI of WiFi and 802.15.4 Vs distance. Figure 7: Packets throughput of WiFi and 802.15.4 Vs dis-
tance.
Radio mobile revealed a fully mesh network exempted of any
obstructions shown by Figure 8, with the best link reflecting
a link margin of 49 dB as depicted by Figure 9. When com-
to an arduino mote, we conducted a set of four experiments to
pared to a similar 45 nodes community health care network
evaluate the performance of the solar powered sensor subsys-
for the city of Cape Town, it was found that a mesh network
tem. Two types of experiments were conducted, one with the
was not feasible when using the 2.4Ghz band and the best
sensor mote running only on its lithium rechargeable battery,
link margin for such network was of only 15.4 dB, a third of
and the other with the sensor mote running on battery but
the performance achieved by the best link in the Lubumbashi
with solar panel connected. For each experiment, two sce-
network. This is in agreement with our initial assumption
narios were considered, one with the 802.15.4/ZigBee proto-
of using WiFI in the proposed community healthcare infras-
col and another one with the 802.11/WiFi protocol. The ex-
tructure for settings where the ISM band is lightly crowded.
periments consisted of sensor devices communicating with
Note that while both are cities of the developing world, Cape
the gateway to exchange packets with the following informa-
Town is a city with a better ICT infrastructure and a wire-
tion about the sender: MAC address, On body temperature,
less/mobile penetration much higher than Lubumbashi.
Sender remaining battery power (%), Sender node Name,
Sender node ID and a “hello” string. In both cases, the sen-
4.4. Solar Power System sor mote was left running, broadcasting and receiving broad-
cast messages while writing the information received on a
The Cyber-healthcare system presented in this paper was de- file. The results shown in figure 11 revealed that during a
signed to be deployed in regions of the developing countries day, using solar panels could result in huge energy harvest-
with no or intermittent power supply. The solar power was ing. The resulting energy savings could be considerably in-
therefore selected as an alternative source of energy for pow- creased through implementation of Sleeping mode (turning
ering both the sensor nodes used for vital signs collection and off the device when not active) to further increase the life-
the micro-cloud server used to host the situation recognition time of the cloud-based Cyber-healthcare system. This has
gateway/server. Starting with a fully charged battery attached been reserved for future work.

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