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Endnotes
1 Buyle, R., et al. (2019). Streamlining Governmental Processes by Putting Citizens in Control of Their Personal
Data. In A. Chugunov, I. Khodachek, Y. Misnikov, & D. Trutnev (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference
on Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia (Vol. 1135, pp. 346–359). Springer
International Publishing. Available online: https:// ruben .verborgh .org/ publications/ buyle _egose _2019/
2 ITU-T. (2019b). FG-DPM Technical Specification D2.1: Data processing and management framework for IoT
and smart cities and communities. Available online: https:// www .itu .int/ dms _pub/ itu -t/ opb/ fg/ T -FG -DPM -2019
-2 .1 -PDF -E .pdf
3 European Commission. (2017). Communication On The European Interoperability Framework - Implementation
Strategy) 134Annex 2. Available online: https:// eur -lex .europa .eu/ legal -content/ en/ TXT/ ?uri = CELEX:
52017DC0134
4 Jokela, et al. (2021) Minimum Interoperability Mechanism (MIM) 4: Personal Data Management -- Introduction
and Specifications. Available online: https:// www .vastuugroup .fi/ hubfs/ MyData/ 2021 -05 -31 %20MIM4 %20 -
%20Personal %20Data %20Management %20Specification %20 - %20Final %20draft .pdf
5 European Commission. (2017a). ISA2, New European Interoperability Framework Promoting seamless services
and data flows for European public administrations, ISBN 978-92-79-63756-8. Available online: https:// ec
.europa .eu/ isa2/ sites/ isa/ files/ eif _brochure _final .pdf
6 European Commission. (2019a). European Interoperability Architecture (EIRA) v3.0.0. Available online: https://
joinup .ec .europa .eu/ collection/ european -interoperability -reference -architecture -eira/ about
7 T. G. A. Council. (2008). GridWise Interoperability context - Setting Framework, GridWise Architecture Council
and Battelle Memorial Institute. Available online: https:// www .gridwiseac .org/ pdfs/ interopframework _v1 _1
.pdf
8 Haataja, M., van de Fliert, L., & Rautio, P. (2020). Public AI Registers: Realising AI transparency and civic
participation in government use of AI. Available online: https:// algoritmeregister .amsterdam .nl/ wp -content/
uploads/ White -Paper .pdf
9 ITU-T. (2020c). Supplement 63 to ITU-T Y-series Recommendations: Unlocking Internet of things with artificial
intelligence Available online: https:// www .itu .int/ rec/ T -REC -Y .Sup63 -202007 -I
10 European Commission. (2021) High-level expert group on artificial intelligence. Available online: https:// digital
-strategy .ec .europa .eu/ en/ policies/ expert -group -ai
11 European Commission. (2019b) Report: Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Available online: https:// digital
-strategy .ec .europa .eu/ en/ library/ ethics -guidelines -trustworthy -ai
12 The Digital Twin (DT) Hub was created by The Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB) as part of the UK Government-
mandated National Digital Twin programme (NDTp) the definition is provided at: https:// digitaltwinhub .co .uk/
glossary/ digital -twin/
13 European Commission. Living in EU: Urban Digital Twin. Available online: https:// living -in .eu/ groups/ solutions/
urban -digital -twin
14 ITU-T. (2016). FG-SCC: ITU-T Y.4400 series – Smart sustainable cities – setting the framework for an ICT
architecture – Supplement. Available online: https:// www .itu .int/ rec/ T -REC -Y .Sup27/ en
15 Danish Standards. (2021). DS/INF 176:2021 Guide for sustainable digital transformation in Denmark. Available
online: https:// webshop .ds .dk/ en -gb/ search/ 03 -100 -70 -ledelsessystemer/ ds -inf -1762021 ?CurrencyCode =
EUR
16 TM Forum. (2019). TR259 smart city maturity and benchmark model R19.0.1. Available online: https:// www
.tmforum .org/ resources/ technical -report/ tr259 -smart -city -maturity -benchmark -model -r19 -0 -0/
17 ITU-T. (2019a). Recommendation Y.4904 (12/19) Smart and Sustainable Cities Maturity Model. Available online:
https:// www .itu .int/ rec/ T -REC -Y .4904 -201912 -I
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