Page 63 - Redefining smart city platforms: Setting the stage for Minimal Interoperability Mechanisms - A U4SSC deliverable on city platforms

The new OGC Web API family of standards are built upon the legacy of the OGC Web Service
standards to define resource-centric APIs that take advantage of modern web development
practices. These new standards are web-friendly and are being constructed as “building blocks”
that can be used to assemble novel APIs for web access to geospatial content. (The following
OGC APIs are at a different stage of development: Features, Common, Maps, Records, Processes,
Coverages, Tiles, Environmental Data Retrieval).

– The OGC SensorThings API standard provides an open source and uniform API to connect IoT
devices, data and applications on the Web; it provides a standard way to manage and retrieve
observations and metadata from IoT sensors built on the legacy of the OGC SOS and SPS. The
SensorThings API standard supports request-response and asynchronous transactions.

– The OGC API – Features standard provides a modular, encoding-agnostic and web-friendly
means for the exposure of geospatial features on the web.

Data encoding

This section specifies data encodings for geospatial data that are also relevant for the provision
of MIM2 Data models.

Semantic 3-D city models or digital twin standards for representing the entities of cities and
landscapes.

– CityGML, an OGC open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of
virtual 3-D city models.

– CityJSON, a community standard, JSON-based encoding for storing 3-D city models, also called
digital maquettes or digital twins.
– Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), a building Smart open, international standard (ISO 16739-
1:2018), for a standardized, digital description of the built environment, including buildings
and civil infrastructure.

– ISO Observations & Measurements, providing a conceptual model for representing spatio-
temporal observation data. JSON and XML-based implementations of the conceptual model
are available. This data encoding is the default for the OGC Sensor Observation Service (xml-
based), and the Sensing profile of the OGC SensorThings API.

– GeoPackage provides an open, compact and efficient format for sharing geospatial data. It
is based on an SQLite database, and is very well supported by proprietary and open-source
software tools.

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