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synergy among all stakeholders (private and public) that operate in the city’s ICT ecosystem. The city
            hopes to instil a culture of data sharing, enabling technological platforms and other interoperable
            systems that make it possible to focus on cross-sectoral and multi-level scenarios while simplifying
            municipal processes.


            To this end, a new smart city operating system is currently being implemented in Trento in
            collaboration with institutional and technological partners. The operating system consists of four
            horizontal layers (infrastructure, sensors, service delivery platform, applications and services), as
            seen in the following Figure 12.


                           Figure 12: The architectural layers of Trento's smart city system































            The core of the smart city system is represented by the “Digital Hub”, the service delivery platform
            that allows it to import and organically manage both static and near-real-time data that comes
            from existing infrastructure. To do so, the Digital Hub exploits an interoperability interface that
            links legacy systems, different IoT sensors and all the sources and services that can be accessed
            via standard APIs.

            By exploiting the single components of the Digital Hub, it is possible to organically manage,
            collect and classify all the data using common ontologies based on international standards while
            working on improving the quality of the data at the origin and transforming these data into useful
            information, thereby enhancing the value of public information assets. All this is propaedeutic to
            link and integrate data referring to different areas which are to be seen as different sides of the
            same coin.

            This approach also allows the transformation of this information into knowledge while building
            value-added applications and services upon the data as well as evolved analytics systems that
            could support the decision-making process, and last but not least, a veritable “smart city control



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