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6. CONCLUSIONS [5] M. Matinmikko, M. Latva-aho, P. Ahokangas, and V.
Seppänen, “On regulations for 5G: Micro licensing
This paper has highlighted the importance of the bigger goal for locally operated networks,” Telecommunications
of sustainability and the required sustainable development to Policy, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 622-635, 2018.
reach this goal, in the context of wireless communications.
Sustainability is now seen as the key driver for the research [6] M. Matinmikko-Blue, S. Yrjölä, V. Seppänen, P.
and development of 6G systems that are targeting Ahokangas, H. Hämmäinen, and M. Latva-Aho,
deployment in 2030s, which is also the year that the UN “Analysis of Spectrum Valuation Elements for Local
SDGs should be achieved. The triple bottom line of 5G Networks: Case Study of 3.5-GHz Band,” IEEE
economic, social and environmental sustainability together Transactions on Cognitive Communications and
with the concrete sustainable development targets from the Networking, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 741-753, Sept. 2019.
UN SDG framework need to be properly integrated into 6G
design right from the beginning, which this paper has [7] M. Latva-aho & K. Leppänen, (eds.), “Key drivers
attempted to do. and research challenges for 6G ubiquitous wireless
intelligence,” [White paper]. (6G Research Visions,
Spectrum management governing the use of the fundamental No. 1). University of Oulu, 2019.
resources for wireless communications will play a central http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223544.
role in both spectrum management and sustainability. A
major refinement of traditional policies, including the wide- [8] M. Matinmikko-Blue et al. (Eds.) “White Paper on
spread adoption of spectrum sharing will be needed, to allow 6G Drivers and the UN SDGs” [White paper]. (6G
all sectors to measurably transform their operations. At the Research Visions, No. 2). University of Oulu, 2020.
same time, sustainability must become visible in the design http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526226699.
criteria of 6G systems in the form of technical performance
requirements. Resource efficiency must finally be taken [9] United Nations, “Resolution adopted by the General
seriously. Future work is needed to develop these measures Assembly on Transforming our world: the 2030
and methodologies for their monitoring in 6G networks that Agenda for Sustainable Development
can quantify sustainability in the context of wireless systems (A/RES/70/1),” United Nations, October 2015.
towards a sustainable future. Finally, new indicators are https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol
needed for 6G that go beyond traditional minimum technical =A/RES/70/1&Lang=E.
performance requirements and truly characterize societal
aspects. To this end, more work on establishing a thorough [10] Hexa-X, “Expanded 6G vision, use cases and key
connection to UN SDGs needs to be established. societal values – including aspects of sustainability,
security and spectrum,” EU project Hexa-X
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Deliverable D1.2. 2021.
https://hexa-x.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hexa-
Funding from Academy of Finland through 6G Flagship X_D1.2.pdf.
(grant 318927) is acknowledged.
[11] Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland,
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