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energy is used to charge the cars. EVs are also much more efficient than internal combustion engine
(ICE) cars, which means that less energy is needed for EVs to run than traditional cars.

Cities like Riyadh, where millions of people drive, present an excellent opportunity for realizing the
greatest impacts of reduced carbon emissions. It is recommended that Riyadh incentivize (through
rebate programmes, for example) the use of EVs as well and install standardized, interoperable charging
points all over the city. Ordinances should be introduced that require a certain percentage, such as 25
per cent, of parking spaces in all buildings to be EV-ready.

There are several ITU-T Recommendations that could help with the above, such as Y.1300 to Y.1399:
‘Transport’ and Y.1700 to Y.1799: ‘Operation, administration and maintenance’. In private vehicle heavy
cities, standards such as ITU-T Y.4456: ‘Requirements and functional architecture for smart parking
lots in smart cities’ can also help guide measures to alleviate vehicle congestion or to optimize flow.

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