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ITU has also commenced work on the topic of digital twin in smart cities through its Study Group 20,
            which has created two work items on the “interaction between physical and digital cities for building
            smart sustainable cities” and “requirements and capabilities of a digital twin system for smart cities”.
            Additionally, ITU-T Study Group 17 on Security has created a work item on “security measures for
            digital twin system of smart cities”.

            International standards can also play a critical role in scaling-up other frontier technologies, ensuring
            their seamless deployment and that their benefits would be shared by all. Through ITU-T Study Group
            20 on IoT and Smart Cities and Communities, which serves as the lead Study Group on IoT related
            standardisation work (See Box 1), ITU has initiated standardisation work on various topics, including:
            reference architecture of artificial intelligence service, artificial intelligence and IoT to attain the
            SDGs, data processing and management framework for IoT and smart cities, and IoT infrastructure
            for autonomous driving systems. Furthermore, pre-standardisation activities continue to be carried
            out by the Focus Group on Environmental Efficiency for Artificial Intelligence and other Emerging
            Technologies (FG-AI4EE),  the Focus Group on AI for Health (FG-AI4H)  and the Focus Group on AI
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            for Autonomous and Assisted Driving (FG-AI4AD),  which help bridge the gaps in the standards nexus
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            that intertwines the various frontier technologies.




















































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