Page 206 - ITU KALEIDOSCOPE, ATLANTA 2019

2019 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference

Table 1 – Summary of the characteristics of major consensus mechanisms

Consensus Mechanism PoW PoS DPoS RPCA PBFT dBFT
Performance Low Low High High High High
efficiency
Public Public chain Public chain Public Alliance Alliance
Scenes chain [21] Alliance chain Alliance chain chain chain chain
Select
Accounting All All nodes representative All Static Dynamic
nodes nodes nodes selection selection
nodes
Response About 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
time 10 minutes minute minute minute minute minute
Ideal state
>10
of Transaction 7 TPS 300 TPS 500 TPS thousand 1000 1000
Per Second TPS TPS TPS
(TPS)
Fault
tolerance 50% 50% 50% 20% 33% 33%
Resource
consumption high medium low low low low

medical records. The record query interface provides medical
staff with a rich EHRs database that facilitates the research
process for various diagnoses.

System Security Module includes four sub-modules. The
addition of the access control facilitates system management.
The module also controls user access. It can set up patients to
access individual EHRs while doctors access all EHRs. There
are many access control mechanisms that can be selected,
such as role-based access control [35]. Hash encryption
makes the data form a chain structure. The digital signature
generates a key pair for the registered user. dBFT consensus
acts on the P2P network and is responsible for running a
set of nodes that implement the consensus mechanism. The
dBFT consensus module works with these nodes to validate
transactions and maintain distributed ledgers.

In Other Functional Module, Chatroom is added to the
Figure 2 – The overall framework of the CB-EHRs platform CB-EHRs platform to facilitate communication between the
patient and the healthcare provider for remote diagnosis. Data
platform. The blockchain-based EHRs platform proposed statistics classifies data for medical researchers to facilitate
in this paper can be used on mobile devices, PCs and smart medical research.
wearable devices. On one hand, medical workers need to use
PCs to fill out electronic health records, and users are able to The business logic layer can encapsulate user data into virtual
access their own electronic health records. On the other hand, transactions and assets, then transfer these transactions and
users can also use their mobile phones and smart wearable assets to nodes in the blockchain network. Through the
devices to share electronic health records with doctors at any interaction of these modules with the previously mentioned
time and place, when they need to conduct remote diagnosis. interfaces, data exchange between users and the blockchain
Hence this promotes ubiquitous access. database can be smoothly realized.

4.1.2 Business logic layer
4.1.3 Data access layer
The business logic layer is used to provide data conversion
between actual users and the blockchain-based EHRs The data access layer contains a unique blockchain and a P2P
platform. It provides users with a unified data interface network that maintains and validates the blockchain. The P2P
and unified data standards [34]. This layer includes three network is used to maintain the operation of the CB-EHRs
modules: (i) Basic Function Module, (ii) System Security platform. It can receive transaction verification requests,
Module and (iii) Other Functional Module. generate blocks and vote on new blocks. The verification
Basic Function Module has four interfaces. The registration nodes in the network agree on the transaction sequence by
interface implements the registration function for new users. running the dBFT consensus mechanism. The platform
The record upload and record authorization interface provide can then generate blocks and update the local blockchain
users with services for uploading and signing their own database.

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