Page 166 - Trust in ICT 2017

2 Trust in ICT

– New web as a useful tool for knowledge society:

• The existing web technology based on HTML has some limitations to help convergence service
environments including IoT/M2M applications. New markup languages to communicate and
share data, information, and knowledge may be needed.
• The concepts of the web application programming interface (API) for binding and sharing
contents/documents/files with their corresponding software may be enhanced. Also, new
sharing and communication mechanisms between human-to-machine and machine-to-
machine are needed to support IoT/M2M applications in the environment of the web services
and web applications.
Pre-standardization approaches toward knowledge information infrastructure

In spite the fact that there are many definitions on knowledge and knowledge society, the two terms are still
ambiguous. From the perspective of information and communication technologies, the knowledge
information infrastructure is difficult to realize as the famous philosopher Plato defined knowledge as:
"justified true belief". Designing an accurate and efficient knowledge and trust model are a key research
challenge. Various types of knowledge and trust models may be suggested as a pre-standardization process.
The collective and crowdsourcing behaviours among people are supposed to collect knowledge from human
reasoning and will be a basis to develop the relevant standards. The process of developing a standard is based
on a fair and equitable way that typically ensures the high quality output and market relevance.
Standardization can be achieved on many different levels expanding from a uniform and integrated system
over similar and harmonized process flows. As a result, harmonization is a preliminary stage of
standardization which allows the exchange of information between different organizations without
additional training. The right level of standardization varies depending on the individual member's
conditions, working structure, management maturity, and the objectives of technical standardization. The
formal working methods of ITU-T standardization may be not efficient if there are many views, opinions, and
technical solutions. Brainstorming of ideas may be needed to get rough and common consensus.

In addition, the other standards development organizations (SDOs) may have their own working methods to
produce documents, reports, and implementation agreements. The harmony between the working methods
of formal standard bodies and the mission-oriented working methods of other SDOs may be needed. If the
action items are well specified and the working methods including collaborations with other SDOs are clearly
agreed, the formal working process of ITU-T can be initiated. Therefore, before standardization in ITU-T, a
common understanding and consensus for knowledge are needed.
The following items are recommended for pre-standardization activities in ITU-T, which may be intended to
initiate a joint research or coordination group for collaboration with other SDOs:
– Concept and basic principles of data, information, and knowledge in terms of the ICT world:
• Review the concepts and understanding of data, information, and knowledge;

• Identify the definition, property, and functional capability of data, information, and knowledge;
• Analyse the relationship and the linked mechanism among data, information, and knowledge;
• Investigate the use cases and examples of data, information, and knowledge.
– Data classification, types, and formats in terms of the ICT world:
• Review the existing data types and formats both in digital and analogue forms, which are
available in the real world;
• Investigate the definition, property, and classification of data types and formats;
• Investigate the data description methods according to common and specific applications;

• Identify the definition, property, and description methods of metadata;
• Investigate the relationship between data and metadata;
• Investigate the linked types and formats of data (e.g. linked data and linked open data);

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