Page 584 - 5G Basics - Core Network Aspects

2 Transport aspects

1 Scope
The purpose of this Supplement is to introduce the general radio-over-fibre (RoF) technology types and
their applications in optical access networks. In general, RoF technologies can be classified into two
categories, which are analogue RoF and digital RoF. It is noted that the RoF concept shown in this
Supplement can be commonly used for both analogue RoF and digital RoF. The description of RoF network
models is also considered for analogue RoF and digital RoF.

2 References

[ITU-T G.982] Recommendation ITU-T G.982 (1996), Optical access networks to support services up
to the ISDN primary rate or equivalent bit rates.

[ITU-T G.989.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.989.1 (2013), 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(NG-PON2): General requirements.

[ITU-R M.1035] Recommendation ITU-R M.1035 (1994), Framework for the radio interface(s) and
radio sub-systems functionality for international mobile telecommunications-2000
(IMT-2000).

[ITU-R M.1224-1] Recommendation ITU-R M.1224-1 (2012), Vocabulary of terms for International
Mobile Telecommunications (IMT).

3 Definitions

3.1 Terms defined elsewhere

This Supplement uses the following term defined elsewhere:
3.1.1 diplex working [ITU-T G.982]: Bidirectional communication using a different wavelength for each
direction of transmission over a single fibre.
3.1.2 micro cell [ITU-R M.1224-1]: Outdoor cell with a large cell radius, typically several 10s of
kilometres (radius of 35 km).
NOTE – Further details are given in ITU-R M.1035.

3.1.3 macro cell [ITU-R M.1224-1]: Cell with low antenna sites, predominantly in urban areas, with a
typical cell radius of up to 1 km.
NOTE – Further details are given in ITU-R M.1035.

3.1.4 small cell [b-SCF030.03.03]: An umbrella term for low-powered radio access nodes that operate in
licensed spectrum and unlicensed carrier-grade Wi-Fi, with a range of 10 m up to several hundred meters.
These contrast with a typical mobile macrocell that might have a range of up to several tens of kilometers.
The term covers femtocells, picocells, microcells and metrocells.
NOTE – A unanimous definition of a small cell deployment is hard to agree within the industry. As an example,
according to [b-3GPP TS 25.104], cell types are classified based on the "minimum coupling loss" between cell site and
user device, thus originating four classes of cells. Other available definitions consider the radius of the cell, the
number of connected users, the deployment options and so on. See [b-NGMN small cell].

3.1.5 pico cell [ITU-R M.1224-1]: Small cell with a typical cell radius of less than 50 m that is
predominantly situated indoors.

NOTE – Further details are given in ITU-R M.1035.

3.2 Terms defined in this Supplement
This Supplement defines the following term:
3.2.1 radio over fibre (RoF): Fibre-optic transmission of waveform for radiocommunication services.

574