Page 735 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

existing basic technologies of web. In linked data architecture, all resources are identified by URI,
which act as not only the unique name of the resource on the web but the locator to access the
resource as well. The information about the resource is encoded with RDF data model (sometimes
can be normalized with OWL encoded ontologies to represent domain knowledge). Its serialization
can be understood by machine and indicate the relationship among resources.

Shanghai Library has published a genealogy ontology based on BIBFRAME model and vocabulary.
BIBFRAME was initiated by LOC and other libraries as the next generation bibliography framework
intended to replace MARC. It provides the possibility to bring the old‐fashioned bibliographic data
on the semantic web, as a linked data service. Currently, Shanghai Library has developed a practical
data model with RDF, and start to map the genealogy data into RDF. Now a demo system is under
construction. It aims to publish the authority controlled data and bibliography data as linked data,
and to establish an exhibit layer to access and search the data by multiple facet such as people,
place, time, etc. It will provide a SPARQL endpoint to facilitate querying triples. There is also
provided a data visualization tool to display the relationship of the data Shanghai Library will keep
on applying semantic web technologies to build its digital humanity platform. The genealogy linked
data system acts as a demonstrative solution to recognize the traditional library can fit into semantic
web with its rich, treasured and sophisticated resources.

7.5 Open data services with privacy data and anonymization

In this section, we explained how open data are protected. Basic ways of data and information
anonymization are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 – Ways of information anonymization
1 Replacement Substitute identifying numbers

22 Suppression Omit from the released data
33 Generalization Replace birth date with something less specific, like a year of birth
44 Perturbation Make random changes to the data

These technologies are necessary to utilize the open data with privacy because the government data
includes the people's privacy. In order to create "Smart Sustainable City," this point should have
careful consideration. For a reference, we introduce a coding event of "Open Data for Development
65
Challenge" which was held in Montreal, Canada on January 2014 .
The Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD) was hosting this 36 hours "codathon"
bringing together Canadian and international technical experts and policy makers. The event
enhanced to generate new tools and ideas with the open data and aid transparency among the
users. This kind of events has held in the countries, which have promoted the movement of the
open data.

In Japan, several smart cities project including the services using open or private data are conducted.
Here two projects are shown as examples. Kawasaki city, Kanagawa prefecture conducts Kawasaki
smart city project. This project picks up three areas in this city and drives different and localized
smart city projects. One is the area of the bay of chemical and oil industries. Hydrogen pipelines and
delivery system interconnect different factories and shares the energy of hydrogen and electric

____________________
65 Open Data for Development Challenge, Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada, URL:http://www.acdi‐
cida.gc.ca/acdi‐cida/acdi‐cida.nsf/eng/DEN‐1223131242‐PCZ (2014).

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 725