Page 20 - Guidelines for cities to achieve carbon Net Zero through digital transformation

as well as providing grants to some types of EV. Since 2016, an innovative transportation business
model (i.e., sharing EV model) showed up and presents a good developing tendency in China. In
the case of Chongqing City (China), the biggest benefits come from the road investment savings,
and the saving of parking places. As to the benefits of emissions reduction, the biggest comes
from the emission reduction of carbon dioxide (Lefeng et al., 2020).

EV sharing has become a developing tendency of car-sharing, and there are many car-sharing
operators around the world that have deployed EVs; for example, in France, in Germany, in the
USA, and in China (Ren et al., 2020). Micromobility devices (including motor scooters, powered
two-wheelers, motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, e-bikes, pedal-assisted bicycles, speed-pedelecs,
mobility scooters, standing scooters, and e-scooters) are also available for sharing. ‘‘Following 2010,
numerous urban regions implemented shared micromobility, utilizing widely available Internet-
enabled smartphones or other mobile devices, hastening the proliferation of micromobility devices.
Since 2017, China has had the largest micromobility platform. In Japan, a similar robust industry
for bike-sharing has developed over the last decade. Since 1980, India has seen a rising number
of fatalities caused by motorized two-wheelers, along with the rapid growth of registered two-
wheelers” (Zhao et al., 2022).

Figure 3: Bollore's Bluecar EVs are pictured using the company's road-side charging stations in
Paris

Source: Automotive News Europe

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