Page 68 - Building digital public infrastructure for cities and communities

Eaves, D., Coyle, D., Vasconcellos, B., & Deshmukh, S. (2025). The Economics of Shared Digital
Infrastructures: A framework for assessing societal value. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public
Purpose. IIPP Policy Report, (2025/02).

Eaves, D., & Rao, K. (2025). Digital Public Infrastructure: a framework for conceptualisation and
measurement. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Working Paper Series (IIPP WP 2025-
01). London: UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose. Retrieved March, 4, 2025.e-Estonia.
(2025). Estonia: 100% digital government services, with divorce as the final step. https:// e -estonia
.com/ estonia -100 -digital -government -services/ #: ~: text = Estonia %20has %20reached %20an %20
extraordinary ,era %20in %20citizen %2Dcentric %20governance.

e-Estonia. (n.d.). X-road – Interoperability services. https:// e -estonia .com/ solutions/ interoperability
-services -x -road/ x -road/

Egypt New Administrative Capital. (n.d.). https:// acud .eg/ our -city

Egypt. (2024). Ministry of Communications and Information Technology of Egypt Yearbook 2024.
Publications_2732025000_MCITYearbook2024.pdf

Egypt. (2025). PM: El-Sisi highlights social protection and "Takaful and Karama" Program as backbone
of this phase. https:// www .sis .gov .eg/ Story/ 208619/ PM -El -Sisi -highlights -social -protection -and
-Takaful -and -Karama -Program -as -backbone -of -this -phase

Ehwi, R. (2019). Engaging Stakeholders in Digital Infrastructure Projects.

European Union. (2016). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). https:// gdpr .eu

European Commission. (2017). The New European Interoperability Framework. https:// ec .europa
.eu/ isa2/ eif _en/

European Commission. (2018). X-Road – cross-border co-development of national data exchange
platform. https:// ec .europa .eu/ regional _policy/ en/ projects/ europe/ x -road -cross -border -co
-development -of -national -data -exchange -platform

European Commission. (2022). Estonia's digital ID framework: https:// ec .europa .eu/ digital -building
-blocks/ sites/ display/ DIGITAL

European Union (2023). The Five Factors of Success Behind Estonia’s Citizen Empowering Platform.
https:// citizens -initiative -forum .europa .eu/ citizens -experiences/ blogs/ five -factors -success -behind
-estonias -citizen -empowering -platform _en

European Union (n.d.). European Union’s Digital Markets Act. https:// digital -markets -act .ec
.europa .eu/ index _en Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (FAO). (2025).
Transforming Agrifood Systems with Digital Public Infrastructure, one of the paths to sustainable

55