Page 180 - AI for Good-Innovate for Impact Final Report 2024

AI for Good-Innovate for Impact

Use case – 41: AI for Kidney Disease Prevention

Organization: Columbia University & Carna Health
Contact persons: Eugenio Zuccarelli, Salvatore Viscomi

41�1� Use case summary table

Domain Healthcare
The problem to be addressed Chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a growing
worldwide healthcare concern.
Key aspects of the solution Medical records, pre-health assessment,
summary report generation

Technology keywords Machine Learning, Explainable AI, Shapely
Additive Explanations (SHAP)

Data availability Private data available
Metadata (type of data) Numerical and Tabular patient report data.

Model Training and fine-tuning Randomforest classification, Decision trees.

Testbeds or pilot deployments Not available

41�2� Use case description

41�2�1 Description

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing worldwide healthcare concern. As of 2017 it was
estimated it affects almost 700 million people globally, with a prevalence of approximately
10%. Data shows that it is increasing by as much as 5% per year and is expected to be the
fifth most common cause of death by 2040. In addition to the human cost of CKD, it also
accounts for a disproportionate financial burden to the healthcare system. Although in the
USA patients with ESKD make up less than 1% of the total Medicare population, they represent
6% of total Medicare spending, or over $50 billion in 2020 [8, 9], and this cost burden is not
unique to the USA. Whilst it is important to diagnose the cause of CKD as it may be treatable
or modifiable, it is now more important than ever to diagnose the presence of CKD, as there
are new medications which can delay progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD), a
terminal condition unless treated with dialysis or transplantation – collectively described as renal
replacement therapy (RRT). The presence of CKD also marks individuals for premature death
due to cardiovascular disease and is a major cause of hypertension, which in turn worsens CKD.
Prevention of CKD requires screening of high-risk individuals, most notably those with type 2
diabetes or hypertension. Prevention of progression of CKD to ESKD also requires screening

164