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Figure 18: Data hub architecture

The Data Hub is defined as a total of eight modules: Data Ingest, Data Core, Data Analytics,
Semantic, Provision, Service (Monitoring, Open Data Portal, Cross-domain Analysis), Security, and
Infra Module. The Data Hub collects data with a OneM2M standard interface and supports protocols
such as HTTP, MQTT, TCP/IP, and applies ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) technology in response to
the inflow of large amounts of data. Incoming data are stored and managed in a data lake with Big
Data (Hadoop, HDFS, etc.) technology applied, and the relationship between data is analyzed by
managing it in the NGSI-LD data format adopted as the data standard of the system.

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