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Adopt an open-by default approach: Platforms and components will evolve over time and new
            technologies will be developed. We aim to have best of breed/open-source platforms, which avoid
            vendor lock-ins that are harmful to innovation (See Box 2).

            Prioritize partnerships and ecosystems: City and community platforms are seldom concentrated
            around one solution or solution provider. They are a complex integration of systems of systems
            built by an ecosystem, so fostering these ecosystems and partnerships is a key element in a smart
            city and community platform.


            Govern maturity and complexity: The platforms are heterogeneous by nature and the variety of
            the maturity of the components will be very high. This results in systems that are complex to build
            and maintain. Consequently, it is important to govern this accordingly.

            Start small, think big: Don’t boil the ocean. Have a big picture of what you want to achieve but
            start with small chunks that are achievable. Detail those parts, rather than starting with big designs.
            These platforms will need to evolve and adapt, over time, to changing needs.







                Box 1: Interoperability is one of the main challenges – and opportunities – in the
                development of smart sustainable cities and communities, using digital technologies to
                become more resilient, liveable and attractive for inhabitants and businesses. The goal is
                to develop platforms that can allow key stakeholders, including governments, businesses,
                knowledge institutions and inhabitants, to communicate and work together across domains.
                Key in achieving this goal is defining modular and scalable, multi-layered ICT solutions
                to enable cross-domain interoperability, moving beyond existing siloed solutions which
                address specific challenges such as the improvement of traffic flows, surveillance, smart
                lighting, among others.































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