Page 10 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 6 – Wireless communication systems in beyond 5G era
P. 10

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 6




               mmWave massive analog relay MIMO

               Pages 43–55
               Kei Sakaguchi, Takumi Yoneda, Masashi Iwabuchi, Tomoki Murakami


               Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communications are a key technology to realize ultra-high data rate and
               ultra-low latency wireless communications. Compared with conventional communication systems in
               the microwave band such as 4G/LTE, mmWave communications employ a higher frequency band
               which allows a wider bandwidth and is suitable for large capacity communications. It is expected to be
               applied to various use cases such as mmWave cellular networks and vehicular networks. However, due
               to the strong diffraction loss and the path loss in the mmWave band, it is difficult or even impossible to
               achieve  high  channel  capacity  for  User  Equipment  (UE)  located  in  Non-Line-Of-Sight  (NLOS)
               environments. To solve the problem, the deployment of relay nodes has been considered. In this paper,
               we  consider  the  use  of  massive  analog  Relay  Stations  (RSs)  to  relay  the  transmission  signals.  By
               relaying the signals by a large number of RSs, an artificial Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
               propagation environment can be formed, which enables mmWave MIMO communications to the NLOS
               environment. We describe a theoretical study of a massive relay MIMO system and extend it to include
               multi-hop relays. Simulations are conducted, and the numerical results show that the proposed system
               achieves high data rates even in a grid-like urban environment.
               View Article

               Multi-tier  multi-tenant  network  slicing:  A  multi-domain  games

               approach

               Pages 57–82
               Sunday Oladayo Oladejo, Stephen Obono Ekwe, Lateef Adesola Akinyemi

               The 5G slice networks will play a critical role in meeting the stringent quality‑of‑service requirements
               of different use cases, reducing the Capital Expenditure (CapEX) and Operational Expenditure (OpEX)
               of mobile network operators. Owing to the flexibility and ability of 5G slice networks to meet the needs
               of different verticals, it attracts new network players and entities to the mobile network ecosystem, and
               therefore it creates new business models and structures. Motivated by this development, this paper
               addresses  the  dynamic  resource  allocation  in  a  multi‑slice  multi‑tier  multi‑domain  network  with
               different network players. The dynamic resource allocation problem is formulated as a maximum utility
               optimisation problem from a multiplayer multi‑domain perspective. Furthermore, a 3‑level hierarchical
               business  model  comprising  Infrastructure  Providers  (InPs),  Mobile  Virtual  Network  Operators
               (MVNOs),  Service  Providers  (SPs),  and  slice  users  are  investigated.  We  propose  two  schemes:  a
               multi‑tier multi‑domain slice user matching game scheme and a distributed backtracking multiplayer
               multi‑domain game scheme in solving the transformed maximum utility optimisation problem. We
               compare  the  multi‑tier  multi‑tenant  multi‑domain  game  scheme  with  a  Genetic  Algorithm  (GA)
               Intelligent  Latency‑Aware  Resource  (GI‑LARE)  allocation  scheme,  and  a  static  slicing  resource
               allocation  scheme  via  Monte  Carlo  simulation.  Our  findings  reveal  that  the  proposed  scheme
               significantly outperforms these other schemes.
               View Article
















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