Page 10 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies Volume 2 (2021), Issue 3 – Internet of Bio-Nano Things for health applications

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 3

Transmission and detection techniques for Internet of Bio-Nano Things
applications with static and mobile molecular communication: A survey

Pages 33-78
Amit K. Shrivastava, Debanjan Das, Neeraj Varshney, Rajarshi Mahapatra

Recent studies have shown that designing communication systems at nanoscale and microscale for the
Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) applications is possible using Molecular Communication (MC),
where two or multiple nodes communicate with each other by transmitting chemical molecules. The
basic steps involved in MC are the transmission of molecules, propagation of molecules in the medium,
and reception of the molecules at the receiver. Various transmission schemes, channel models, and
detection techniques have been proposed for MC in recent years. This paper, therefore, presents an
exhaustive review of the existing literature on detection techniques along with their transmission
schemes under various MC setups. More specifically, for each setup, this survey includes the
transmission and detection techniques under four different environments to support various IoBNT
applications: (i) static transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive channel, (ii) static transmitter and
receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel, (iii) mobile transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive
channel, (iv) mobile transmitter and receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel. Also, performances
and complexities of various detection schemes have been compared. Further, several challenges in
detection and their possible solutions have been discussed under both static and mobile scenarios.
Furthermore, some experimental works in MC are presented to show realistic transmission and
detection procedures available in practice. Finally, future research directions and challenges in the
practical design of the transmitter and receiver are described to realize MC for IoBNT health
applications.
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Brainwave assistive system for paralyzed individuals

Pages 79-89
Md Ahnaf Shariar, Syeda Maliha Monowara, Md. Shafayat Ul Islam, Muhammed Junaid Noor Jawad,
Saifur Rahman Sabuj

The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system based on brainwaves that can be used to translate and
comprehend the innumerable activities of the brain. Brainwave refers to the bioelectric impulses
invariably produced in the human brain during neurotransmission, often measured as the action
potential. Moreover, BCI essentially uses the widely studied Electroencephalography (EEG) technique
to capture brainwave data. Paralysis generally occurs when there is a disturbance in the central nervous
system prompted by a neurodegenerative or unforeseen event. To overcome the obstacles associated
with paralysis, this paper on the brainwave-assistive system is based on the BCI incorporated with
Internet-of-things. BCI can be implemented to achieve control over external devices and applications.
For instance, the process of cursor control, motor control, neuroprosthetics and wheelchair control, etc.
In this paper, the OpenBCI Cyton-biosensing board has been used for the collection of the EEG data.
The accumulated EEG data is executed subsequently to obtain control over the respective systems in
real-time. Hence, it can be concluded that the experiments of the paper support the idea of controlling
an interfaced system through the real-time application of EEG data.

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