Page 20 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

2.3 Resource management and allocation in from the study, it should be noted that the use of a similar
mobile cloud computing strategy and development idea of inter‑operational and
mobility techniques to overcome the challenges faced in
The cloud model consists of three service models ac‑ intensive distributed mobile computing networks can be
cording to the NIST cloud computing reference architec‑ considered an ef icient solution for achieving seamless
ture [18]: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform connectivity.
as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). MCC issues and research directions were discussed by
Computing resources provided by the cloud systems are Shon et al.[21], and different cloud computing systems
brought closer to end users through architectural‑based and models were reviewed as well. They discussed MCC
and implementation‑based techniques, such that these issues such as smartphone data slinging, access control
resources include computation power, storage, network and identity management, risk of multiple cloud tenants
infrastructure, data partitioning and scaling, security, and and security threats associated with authentication and
location through IaaS. Other resources are managed by authorization, and emergence of cloud standards and cer‑
PaaS such as computing platform, which includes the op‑ ti ications. However, they didn’t mention performance
erating system, programming language execution envi‑ criteria that can be used to evaluate and highlight the
ronment, database, and web server. Applications and MCC performance issues, and the scope of the study was
software are also provided as resources through the SaaS not well de ined as a broad overview of cloud computing.
branch. From these cloud computing services, cloud com‑ A survey on data of loading techniques in cellular
puting resources can be classi ied in two categories: data networks proposed by Rebecchi et al. [22] unveiled
center resources including storage, network bandwidth different of loading techniques and the principal re‑
and available servers, and computing resources provided quirements to embed data of loading abilities in mobile
directly to mobile devices. Data centers comprise mul‑ networks. Hence, the survey categorized existing of load‑
tiple branches for resource allocation and optimization, ing techniques based on their requirements in terms
while computer resources include super computers, clus‑ of assurance of content delivery, summarized existing
ters, virtual machines, and operation system disk images. works, described general architecture to enable mobile
Therefore, we can de ine a resource allocation as the pro‑ data of loading, and discussed open research issues. In
cess of allocating available cloud resources to various mo‑ order to achieve a state where there are adequate deliv‑
bile applications running in the cloud environment. It is ery conditions, there are two main of loading approaches
performed with the objective of minimizing the costs of considered in the survey: latency‑free of loading in which
executing tasks and performing data exchange [19]. every packet has a strict delivery latency constraint de‑
ined by the application, and impeded of loading where
3. RELATED WORK the reception of contents may be delayed on purpose up
to a certain point in time.
Several survey research papers have been published in Ejaz Ahmed et al. [23] proposed a comprehensive survey
the domain of MCC regarding the overall architectures on seamless application execution frameworks in MCC
and technical approaches to reduce latency, improve in which they revealed state‑of‑the‑art approaches
security, and provide reliable services and seamless proposed in order to achieve seamless execution of MCC
communication to end users. applications. Hence, the survey classi ied the frameworks
For instance, Othman et al. [4] proposed a generic based on their implementation locations, and types such
survey of MCC application models and its different as cloud‑based, cloudlet‑based and hybrid, and presented
aspects including MCC architectures and its of loading categorical approaches that are used by the frameworks
decision affecting entities. The article also presents to achieve seamless execution of MCC applications.
a comparison of MCC application models based on M. Chiang et al. [24] presented an overview of research
criteria such as bandwidth utilization, privacy, la‑ opportunities in the area of fog and IoT focusing on
tency, generality, security, programming abstrac‑ the network context of IoT in a survey. The survey
tion, scalability, complexity, and execution resource. discussed a group of different challenges in the ield of
Furthermore, the survey categorizes MCC applica‑ IoT and barriers that are found when trying to overcome
tion models by performance‑based, energy‑based, these challenges using computational resources. The
constraint‑based, and multi‑objective applications. challenges listed in the area of IoT include constraints
A. Gani et al. [20] presented a review on mobility tech‑ and limitations of factors such as network bandwidth,
niques for seamless connectivity in MCC to highlight latency, seamless services provision with intermittent
issues and challenges faced when providing computa‑ connection to the cloud environment, resources con‑
tional cloud services in MCC environments. Also, they strained devices and IoT security challenges. They also
discussed a comparison and classi ication of different highlighted the potential and challenges of a fog data
seamless connectivity schemes in MCC. The mobility plane and control plane such as the control, interface,
techniques were classi ied based on a connectivity con iguration, and management of networks.
approach, interworking method, mobility operation, net‑ Yuyi Mao et al. [25] presented a comprehensive survey
work topology, and inter‑working architecture. However, of the state‑of‑the‑art mobile edge computing focusing

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