Page 57 - U4SSC Factsheet, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, June 2020

Endnotes

1 International Telecommunication Union. ’KPIs on Smart Sustainable Cities.’ www .itu .int/ en/ ITU -T/ ssc/
Pages/ KPIs -on - SSC.aspx.
2 International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ’Collection Methodology for Key Performance Indicators
for Smart Sustainable Cities‘. 2017, www .itu .int/ en/ publications/ Documents/ tsb/ 2017 -U4SSC -Collection -
Methodology/files/downloads/421318-CollectionMethodologyforKPIfoSSC-2017.pdf.

3 Kim, Tschangho J. ‘Riyadh.’ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www .britannica .com/ place/ Riyadh.
4 Benchmark performance is represented by four ranges (1) 0 – 33% of target, (2) 33 – 66% of target, (3) 66
– 95% of target and ( 4) 95+% of target. The number of colored circles indicate where the city’s data fits
into those benchmarks

5 Arab News. ‘Saudi Arabia's Unemployment Rate Drops to 12.5%.’ 3 Jun. 2019, www .arabnews .com/ node/
1505976/ saudi -arabia.

6 International Labour Organization (ILO) STAT Database. ‘Unemployment, Youth Total.’ The World Bank
Group, Sept. 2019, data .worldbank .org/ indicator/ SL .UEM .1524 .ZS.
7 Kabbani, Nader. ‘Youth Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Revisiting and Reframing the
Challenge.’ The Brookings Institution, 26 Feb. 2019, www .brookings .edu/ research/ youth -employment -in
-the -middle -east -and -north -africa -revisiting -and -reframing -the -challenge/ .

8 Kabbani, Nader. ‘Youth Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Revisiting and Reframing the
Challenge.’ The Brookings Institution, 26 Feb. 2019, www .brookings .edu/ research/ youth -employment -in
-the -middle -east -and -north -africa -revisiting -and -reframing -the -challenge/ .
9 Kim, Tschangho J. ‘Riyadh.’ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www .britannica .com/ place/ Riyadh.

10 Project for Public Spaces. ’Streets as Places: How Transportation Can Create a Sense of Community.’ 18
Mar. 2014, www .pps .org/ article/ streets -as -places -how -transportation -can -create -a -sense -of -community.

11 Northern Policy Institute. ‘How Much Green Is Green Enough? Inclusive and Accessible Urban Green
Space.’ 17 Dec. 2018, www .sootoday .com/ columns/ northern -policy/ accessible -urban -green -space
-1162811.
12 Texier, Marion Le, et al. ‘The Provision of Urban Green Space and Its Accessibility: Spatial Data Effects in
Brussels.’ PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, 17 Oct. 2018, journals .plos .org/ plosone/ article ?id = 10 .1371
%2Fjournal .pone .0204684.

13 Tago, Abdul Hannan. ‘KSA Water Consumption Rate Twice the World Average.’ Arab News, 28 Feb. 2014,
www .arabnews .com/ news/ 532571.

14 Toumi, Habib. ‘Saudi in Fresh Move to Reduce Water Consumption.’ Gulf News, Al Nisr Publishing LLC, 21
Mar. 2019, gulfnews .com/ world/ gulf/ saudi/ saudi -in -fresh -move.

15 Tolentino, Christian. ‘Saudi Arabia to Slash Water Usage by 43% in Next Decade’. Travel Daily (TD), 25 Mar.
2019, www .traveldailymedia .com/ saudi -arabia -water -consumption/ .

16 Wikipedia. ‘Water Supply and Sanitation in Saudi Arabia.’ Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Sep. 2019, en
.wikipedia .org/ wiki/ Water _supply _and _sanitation _in _Saudi _Arabia #cite _note -Riyadh -2.

17 World Bank. ‘Electricity Consumption per Capita.’ Google Public Data, 6 Jul. 2018, www .google .com/
publicdata/ explore ?ds = d5bncppjof8f9 _ & met _y = eg _use _elec _kh _pc & idim = country %3ASAU %3AQAT
%3AARE & hl = en & dl = en.

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