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Endnotes

1 https:// www .un .org/ en/ development/ desa/ publications/ 2014 -revision -world -urbanization -prospects .html
2 https:// www .itu .int/ itu -t/ recommendations/ rec .aspx ?rec = 12627

3 Moore, C., Rainwater, B., Stahl, E. (2018). Blockchain in cities: Restoring trust and transparency in digital
transactions. National League of Cities.
4 Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain.Harvard Business Review.
5 Lee Kuo Chuen (2015). Lee Kuo Chuen, D. (Ed.) (2015) Handbook of Digital Currency, 1st ed., Elsevier.

6 ITU a, 2019 ITU (2019a). DLT-O-047, Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology, 2019. Retrieved
from. https:// www .itu .int/ en/ ITU -T/ focusgroups/ dlt/ Documents/ d13 .pdf
7 ITU b, 2019, ITU (2019b). Draft Recommendation ITU-T X.sct-dlt, Security capabilities of, and threats to Distributed
Ledger Technology. Retrieved from. https:// www .itu .int/ en/ ITU -T/ focusgroups/ dlt/ Documents/ d11 .pdf
8 Garay. J, Kiayias.A, Panagiotakos.G (2020). Blockchains from Non-Idealized Hash Functions.
9 Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain.Harvard Business Review.

10 Nascimento S. (2019), Pólvora A. (ed), Anderberg A., Andonova E., Bellia M., Calès L., Inamoratodos Santos A.,
Kounelis I., Nai Fovino I., Petracco Giudici M., Papanagiotou E., Sobolewski M., Rossetti F., Spirito L.,Blockchain Now
And Tomorrow: Assessing Multidimensional Impacts of Distributed Ledger Technologies, EUR 29813 EN,Publications
Ofce of the European Union, Luxembourg.
11 Treiblmaier, H. (2019). Toward More Rigorous Blockchain Research: Recommendations for Writing Blockchain Case
Studies. Frontiers in Blockchain, 2(3), 1–15. https:// doi .org/ 10 .3389/ fbloc .2019 .00003
12 Nascimento S. (2019), Pólvora A. (ed), Anderberg A., Andonova E., Bellia M., Calès L., Inamoratodos Santos A.,
Kounelis I., Nai Fovino I., Petracco Giudici M., Papanagiotou E., Sobolewski M., Rossetti F., Spirito L.,Blockchain Now
And Tomorrow: Assessing Multidimensional Impacts of Distributed Ledger Technologies, EUR 29813 EN,Publications
Ofce of the European Union, Luxembourg.

13 Nascimento S. (2019), Pólvora A. (ed), Anderberg A., Andonova E., Bellia M., Calès L., Inamoratodos Santos A.,
Kounelis I., Nai Fovino I., Petracco Giudici M., Papanagiotou E., Sobolewski M., Rossetti F., Spirito L.,Blockchain Now
And Tomorrow: Assessing Multidimensional Impacts of Distributed Ledger Technologies, EUR 29813 EN,Publications
Ofce of the European Union, Luxembourg.
14 Nascimento S. (2019), Pólvora A. (ed), Anderberg A., Andonova E., Bellia M., Calès L., Inamoratodos Santos A.,
Kounelis I., Nai Fovino I., Petracco Giudici M., Papanagiotou E., Sobolewski M., Rossetti F., Spirito L.,Blockchain Now
And Tomorrow: Assessing Multidimensional Impacts of Distributed Ledger Technologies, EUR 29813 EN,Publications
Ofce of the European Union, Luxembourg.
15 Bamakanab. S, Motavalia.A, Bondartia.A (2020). A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance
evaluation criteria. Expert Systems with Applications.

16 https:// www .binance .vision/ blockchain/ delegated -proof -of -stake -explained
17 https:// blockonomi .com/ proof -of -elapsed -time -consensus/ #Advantages _Disadvantages _of _Using _PoET
18 https:// www .coinbureau .com/ blockchain/ proof -of -activity -explained -hybrid -consensus -algorithm/

19 https:// 101blockchains .com/ consensus -algorithms -blockchain/ #6
20 https:// digiforest .io/ en/ blog/ blockchain -consensus -algorithms
21 Chang.V, Baudier.P, Zhang.H, Xua.Q, Zhang.J, Aramid.J (2020). How Blockchain can impact financial services – The
overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees. Technological Forecasting and Social Change.

22 Vincent.N, Skjellum.A, Medury.S (2020). Blockchain architecture: A design that helps CPA firms leverage the
technology.

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