Page 33 - Frontier Technologies to Protect the Environment and Tackle Climate Change

Frontier Technologies to Protect the Environment and Tackle Climate Change

• Voluntary cooperation/Market and non-market-based approaches (Art. 6) – The
Paris Agreement recognizes the possibility of voluntary cooperation among Parties to
allow for higher ambition and sets out principles – including environmental integrity,
transparency and robust accounting – for any cooperation that involves internationally
transferal of mitigation outcomes. It establishes a mechanism to contribute to the
mitigation of GHG emissions and support sustainable development and defines a
framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development.
• Adaptation (Art. 7) – The Paris Agreement establishes a global goal on adaptation –
of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability
to climate change in the context of the temperature goal of the Agreement. It aims
to significantly strengthen national adaptation efforts, including through support and
international cooperation. It recognizes that adaptation is a global challenge faced
by everyone. All Parties should engage in adaptation, including by formulating and
implementing National Adaptation Plans, and should submit and periodically update
an adaptation communication describing their priorities, needs, plans and actions. The
adaptation efforts of developing countries should be recognized.
• Loss and damage (Art. 8) – The Paris Agreement recognizes the importance of averting,
minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of
climate change, including extreme weather events and slow-onset events, and the
role of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. Parties
are to enhance understanding, action and support, including through the Warsaw
International Mechanism, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect to loss
and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change.
• Finance, technology and capacity-building support (Art. 9, 10 and 11) – The Paris
Agreement reaffirms the obligations of developed countries to support the efforts of
developing country Parties to build clean, climate-resilient futures, while for the first
time encouraging voluntary contributions by other Parties. Provision of resources
should also aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation. In addition to
reporting on finance already provided, developed country Parties commit to submitting
indicative information on future support every two years, including projected levels
of public finance. The agreement also provides that the Financial Mechanism of the
Convention, including the Green Climate Fund (GCF), shall serve the Agreement.
International cooperation on climate-safe technology development and transfer and
building capacity in the developing world are also strengthened.
A technology framework is established under the Agreement and capacity-building
activities will be strengthened through, inter alia, enhanced support for capacity building
actions in developing country Parties and appropriate institutional arrangements.
Climate change education, training as well as public awareness, participation and
access to information (Art. 12) are also to be enhanced under the Agreement.
• Transparency (Art. 13), implementation and compliance (Art. 15) – The Paris
Agreement relies on a robust transparency and accounting system to provide clarity
on action and support by Parties, with flexibility for their differing capabilities of
Parties. In addition to reporting information on mitigation, adaptation and support,
the Agreement requires that the information submitted by each Party undergoes
international technical expert review. The Agreement also includes a mechanism that
will facilitate implementation and promote compliance in a non-adversarial and non-
punitive manner and will report annually to the CMA.

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