Page 88 - The Digital Financial Services (DFS) Ecosystem

ITU-T Focus Group Digital Financial Services
Ecosystem

Figure 7 – Functional Applications of the 48 Reviewed ID Programs

National ID programs may be linked to several types of functions. Table 6 presents the functions connected
to each of the programs we review. For each category of functions, we specify the sub-categories of services
that are linked to the national ID program. These categories of functional connections are discussed in greater
detail in the sections below.

In many cases, we find national identity programs are linked to several types of services within each category,
especially for functions related to finance, elections, and surveillance and security. Know Your Customer (KYC)
linkages are often accompanied with connections to other services, such as voter registration, digital banking,
and mobile money. Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Tanzania and Uganda
stand out as well-integrated ID programs: all cover five or more functional categories. Conversely, we do
not find evidence of linkages of national ID programs with any of these types of services in Algeria, Malawi,
Mozambique, Nepal, the Ukraine, or Vietnam.
In the sections below, we provide an overview of the various functions that are found to be connected to the
different national identity programs we surveyed, looking at each category of functions in turn.
Key Findings

• We find references to financial connections in 24 of 48 programs.

• 22 of these programs have connections that are KYC-related.
• Five ID programs (India, Kenya, Nigeria e-ID, Pakistan, Zambia) are linked to digital banking, and four (DRC,
Egypt, India, Kenya) have mobile money applications.
• 13 programs are connected to government assistance programs, which include cash transfers, relief, and
welfare.

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